Spartium junceum L.

Common Name: Retema, Wazal.
Family: Fabaceae

General Appearance

Spartium junceum L., it is a shrub up to 1 -3 meters, non-thorny, erect, with slender, cylindrical, jonciform, compressible branches, finely striated, very glabrous, glaucous green, few leaves. Leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate, entire, glabrous above, with applied hairs below. Yellow flowers, large, fragrant, in terminal clusters. Calyx scarious, glabrous, split to the base into a single lip cut obliquely and ending in 5 small teeth, standard large, orbicular, straightened, keel with sharp beak, monadelphous stamens, curved style at the top. Pods 60-90 x 6-7 mm, 12-20-seeded, linear, usually glabrous, becoming dark brown at maturity; valves twisting on dehiscence. Seed compressed, reddish-brown, shiny, without caruncle.

Flowering in: Mar-Jun.

Life Form

N.Ph

Phytochoria

Cosm. The native range of this species is Azores, S. Europe to E. Medit.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:  Wadi El-Hussaien, along the coastal road Ras El-Hilal-Shahat, (10 km) E. of Gubba 1967  Wadi Qala, above Ras El-Hilal 1970  Shahat, Ras El-Hilal, (22 km) from Labrig to Derna, Gubba 1978 Wadi Al-Agar 1999  Wadi Zaza 2003  Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007  Wadi El-Kouf 2014   Wadi Zaza, Wadi Jarjar-Omma, Wadi Ras Al-Hilal 2017  Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019  Ain Mara 2020  Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2024

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1980) Flora of Libya, Fabaceae Vol.  (86) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 25.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

El-farse, M.H., Omar. N., Al-Zerbi, A.K., Alaib, M.A. El-Awamie, M.W., Bleiblo, F.A. (2024.) Floristic Diversity, Life-Form Composition, and Anthropogenic Pressures on The Vegetation of Wadi om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Northeastern Libya. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR). Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2024  ● Website: http://www.ijfmr.com,  https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2024/6/33405.pdf,  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muftah-Elfarse-2

Floristic diversity of wadi om El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2024

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442,  https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2021

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

الغطاء النباتي في منطقة عين مارة بمنطقة الجبل الاخضر2020

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas, P.A., ELMogasapi, A. (2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192. https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/

Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya 2017

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014

Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

Prodr. Fl. Ciren.: 242 (1931).  https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica

Fl. Liby. Prodr.: 65 (1910).  https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6399663s

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