General Appearance
Scorpiurus muricatus L. / Heterotypic Synonyms: Scorpiurus subvillosus L., it is an erect to ascending annual herb, branched, up to 30 (-60) cm tall, glabrous to pubescent with ± appressed or spreading hairs. Leaves oblanceolate to obovate, acute, entire, 3-10 (-15) x (0.8-) 1-2 cm, with 3-5 parallel veins, stipules lanceolate subulate, up to c. 2.5 cm long. Peduncles exceeding to shorter than leaves, elongating in fruit. (1-) 24 (-5)-f1owered. Flowers 10-15 mm long, yellow or orange-reddish, shortly pcdicelled, bracts small, truncate, scarious. Calyx campanulate, 4 mm long, teeth narrowly triangular, acute, ± equalling the tube. Standard 6-10 x 5-8 mm, ± orbicular, clawed, wings oblong, shortly clawed; keel narrowly oblong with acute incurved beak, shortly clawed. Pods variously circinate or contorted, occasionally falcate or almost straight, conspicuously ribbed and constricted between the seeds 30-60 x 34 mm, tuberculate, muricate to spinous on the surface. Seeds reniform to atcate, usually 3-4 x 2 mm, yellowish-brown to blackish, minutely and shallowly rugulose.
Flowering in: Mar-Apr.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: (2 km) W. of Tripoli, near the sea shore 1967 Mallaha Wetland Tripoli 2016 Sabratha region 2020 Coastal of Tripoli 2020
Zliten-Misurata Plain: Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006 Zliten (Wadi EL-Zekr) 2022
Benghazi Plain: Road between Al-Kuwayfyah and Daryanah 1968 Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021
Jabal Nafusa: Msallata, Hafs area, (8 km) S. of Gussbat, sandy soil 1978 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Mckhalef, Meghawsha, Sok-El-Ahed, Whedat) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Al-Bakur, near Tocra 1968 (87 km) from Baida, barley fields 1972 Al-Merj, Shahat 1978 El-kouf area 1984 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007 Al-Mansora 2013 Gaber Jera 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Haboon 2015 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017
Marmarica Plateau: Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 Omm Rezum 1968 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002
Notes
Wild in Libya.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:518173-1
Link of images: https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Scorpiurus+muricatus, https://maltawildplants.com/FABC/Scorpiurus_muricatus.php, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/fabaceae/scorpiurus-muricatus, https://phrygana.eu/Flora/Fabaceae/Scorpiurus-muricatus/Scorpiurus-muricatus.html
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:518173-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/518173-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000205858, https://www.gbif.org/species/5358302, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/70489/scorpiurus-muricatus-l, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/fabaceae/scorpiurus-muricatus, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/scorpiurus/muricatus/, https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Scorpiurus+muricatus, https://www.cretanflora.com/scorpiurus_muricatus.html, https://phrygana.eu/Flora/Fabaceae/Scorpiurus-muricatus/Scorpiurus-muricatus.html, https://maltawildplants.com/FABC/Scorpiurus_muricatus.php, https://botany.cz/cs/scorpiurus-muricatus/, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/scorpiurus/muricatus/, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/SCOMUR/
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1980) Flora of Libya, Fabaceae Vol. (86) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 121.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
El-Karnawdy, F.O.M. & Swaisy, A.S.M. (2022) Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. Middle East International Conference on Contemporary Scientific Studies-VII-Beirut Arab University, Lebanon-March 3-4, 2022.
Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. 2022
Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf
Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. 2021.-مضغوط
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl. http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf
Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html
Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018
El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326461390_aalkhdr_baljbl_bwras_sydy_bmntqt_alnbaty_alghta_drast-lybya
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة سيدي بوراس –الجبل الاخضر 2017
Mahklouf, M.H. &Al-Sghair, F.G. (2016) Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Oct 2016, Volume 4, Issue 4.PP(119-123) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310898871_Floristic_and_Inventory_Study_of_Mallaha_Wetland_Tripoli_-_Libya
Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. 2016.
El-Rabiai, G.T. & Al tira, M. (2015) Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8-9): Aug-Sep, 2015:4661-4665] Coden (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292919013_Checklist_of_the_Flora_of_Wadi_Haboonat_AI_Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya
Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboonat AI Jabal AI Akhdar. 2015
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf
Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014
Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief
Foristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013
Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Tajouri, A., Al-Aaeb, M.A., Al-Zarbi, A. K. (2013) Barley crop contamination with weed seeds in Gaber-Jira farms in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Benghazi University of Science-the third and fourth edition (45-53). (In Arabic). https://search.mandumah.com/Record/838987
تلوث محصول الشعير ببذور الحشائش بمزارع قبر جيرة بالجبل الاخضر. 2013- صفحة 45 -53.
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71
Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout
Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya
Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط
El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).
Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
ACSAD (1984) Wadi Al-Kouf National Park Studies Project. Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands.
PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. -: 276 – under: Scorpiurus muricatus var. laevigatus (Sm.) Boiss. https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica













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