Flora

Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.

Common Name: Khardal Barri.

Family: Brassicaceae

Flowering Time: Apr- Jun.

General Appearance

Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All, it is an annual herb, up to 15-60 (-90) cm tall, sometimes with somewhat thickened root, ± hispid below. Lower leaves usually 3-jugale, stalked, irregularly and coarsely toothed. Upper leaves smaller lobed, simply toothed to sub entire. Sepals 3-4 (-4.5) x 1-1.2 mm. sub equal. Petals almost twice as long as the sepals, yellow. Stamens 3-4:4-4.5 mm. Pedicels 2-3 (-5) mm long in fruit. erect-appressed. Siliculae 6-10 mm long; both segments ± equal in length, upper sub globose-beaked, c. 3 mm in diam., lower slender-oblong c. 1.5 mm brood, hispid to glabrous. Seed of upper segment larger than those of lower segment.

Life Form

Phytochoria

S-Cosm. The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Medit. to Central Asia and Iran, NE. Tropical Africa to Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain: Tripoli, University Campus 1972,1976 Research station of Agriculture faculties 2017

Zliten-Misurata Plain: Kaam area 2005

Benghazi Plain: Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Ajdabia (Al-Bedan) 2016 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 (35 Km) South East of Benghazi (adjacent to the Jardinah village) 2020

Jabal Nafusa: Enagyra, (90 km) from Tripoli towards Khoms 1974 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: (5 km) from Baida to Shahat, (5 km) from Shahat 1972 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007 S.AL-Marj 2011 Al-Mansora 2013 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi El-Shees 2014 Wadi Haboon 2015 Al-Oylia region 2017

Marmarica Plateau: Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002 Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008

Al-Qibla area: Wadi Nesma region 2009 Wadis South of Mizda 2013

Notes

Wild in Libya, it is considered as a good fodder for cattle.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1061021-2

Link of images: https://flora-on.pt/?q=Rapistrum, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4046647228, https://www.i-flora.com/en/fact-sheets/search-for-species/art/show/rapistrum-rugosum.html

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1061021-2, https://www.ipni.org/n/1061021-2, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000402573, https://www.gbif.org/species/5373368, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/77665/rapistrum-rugosum-l-all https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/rapistrum/rugosum/, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/RAPRUG/, https://www.maltawildplants.com/CRUC/Rapistrum_rugosum.php, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/rapistrum_rugosum.htm

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Ali, S.I. & Jafri, S.M.H. (1977) Flora of Libya, Brassicaceae Vol. (23) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 57.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

El-Taguri, H.M., El-Mogasapi, A.M., El-Barasi, Y.M. (2020) Weed Flora of Man-Made river agriculture project (Masiklo). Libyan Journal of Science & Technology 11:1 (2020) 61-64. http://repository.uob.edu.ly/bitstream/handle/123456789/1291/15.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdusslam-Elmogasapi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341993267_Weed_Flora_of_Man-Made_river_agriculture_project_Masiklo

Weed Flora of Man-Made river agriculture project (Masiklo). Libya.2020

Alhasi, S.M, and El-Barasi, Y.M. (2017) The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al-Oylia region, Al-Marj, Libya. Global Libyan Journal, ISSN 2518-5845. University of Benghazi, Faculty of Education Al Marj. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338996118_The_Weed_Flora_Of_Some_Crop_Fields_In_Al-_Oylia_Region_Al-Marj_Libya https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Sabah-M-Al-Hasi-2170071476

The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al- Oylia region, Al-Marj. 2017

Nasif, M. A., Al-Ganoni, A. M., Knotch, O. M., Nafees. A. A. (2017) Survey of weeds in the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture-University of Tripoli. Libyan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, No. (1) Vol (22) p. (35-46). (In Arabic).

مسح الحشائش في محطة ابحاث كلية الزراعة – جامعة طرابلس. 2017

El-Zerbi, A. K., Al-Borki, A. S., Al-Aib, M.A. (2016) Study of vegetation in Protected Al-Bedan southeast of Ajdabiya, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-No. (2) Volume (2) December 2016. ISSN: 2413-5267(In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/103, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371283472_drast_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyt_albydan_jnwb_shrq_ajdabya_lybya

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمحمية البيضان جنوب شرق اجدابيا- ليبيا. 2016

Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

دراسة الفلورا والغطاء النباتي للمنطقة الشبه صحراوية الممتدة بين مدينتي سلوق والابيار . 2016

El-Rabiai, G.T. & Al tira, M. (2015) Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8-9): Aug-Sep, 2015:4661-4665] Coden (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292919013_Checklist_of_the_Flora_of_Wadi_Haboonat_AI_Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboonat AI Jabal AI Akhdar. 2015

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014

Shaltout, K, Fawzy, M., Galal T., Awad M., El-Barasi Y., Saeed, B. (2014) Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communities and size structure of Wadi El-Shees, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. FeddesRepertorium2014, 125, 1-13 DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201400023 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fedr.201400023

Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communitie in Wadi-El-Shees-2014

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf

Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar. 2013

Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief

Foristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf

FLORA AND VEGETATION ON SOUTH EL-MARJ ZONE SOUTH EL-JABAL EL-AKHADAR.2011

El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71

Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010

Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna Region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental Engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic).

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout

Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (in Arabic).

Prodr. Fl. Ciren.: 227 (1931). https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica