Flora

Echium humile Desf.

Family: Boraginaceae

General Appearance

Echium humile Desf. / Homotypic Synonyms: Anchusa humilis (Desf.) I.M.Johnst, it is a hispid biennial or perennial herb, up to 10-30 cm with one to many ascending flowering stems, covered all over with white spreading hairs mixed with some bulbous-based setae. Leaves 20-40 x 1,5-3.5 mm. Lower leaves longer than the cauline, linear-oblong or narrowly oblanceolate with ± undulate margin. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary cyme. Bracts foliaceous but somewhat smaller than the leaves. Calyx 6-8 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, densely white setose, slightly accrescent. Corolla (blue, pink-red, red, turning purple, purple, red, turning violet, deep violet, purple-violet, bluish-violet, deep red, turning violet blue), infundibuliform, 10-13 mm uniformly hairy outside. Stamens 4or 5 exserted; anthers c. 1 mm long. Stigma distinctly bifid; style ± plumose. Nutlets pyramidal-beaked, 1.5-2 mm long, wrinkled-tubercled, grey.

Life Form

Phytochoria

MED+SA. The native range of this species is Central & SE. Spain, N. Africa to N. Chad.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain: (20,23 km) E. of Tripoli 1967 Tripoli 1974, 1975 Wadi El-Hera, Telil beach, (8 km) from Sabrataha, Sabrataha, Tripoli 1976 Tajoura, (44 km) E. of Tripoli 1977 Coastal of Tripoli 2020

Sirte Plains: (25 km) W. of Sirte 1968 Sirte 1978 Sirte 2015

Jabal Nafusa: Gebel Nafous, Yefren to Jado 1970 Wadi Kabau, Wadi Malah, (10 km) from Nalut 1972 Janduba 1973 Erhebat, Mangh El-Bahar, (2 km) before Kaleba, Tagma, (5 km) from Yefren, Nalut, Ajwabia, Esseft, (13 km) before Yefern, Al-Awwnia, Ain Rumia 1974 Tarhuna 1975 (2 km) befor Abghilan, Shakshuk, Yefren to Nalut, (24 km) from Mizda 1976 Tarhna (Khsaya, Wlaade Hammad) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: El Gaigab, (20 km) from Labrag, (35 km) from Lamluda 1972 (10 km) E. of Derna 1975 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 S.AL-Marj 2011 Al-Oylia region 2017 Wadi Derna 2017

Marmarica Plateau: (70 km) W. Misaid to Tobruk 1975

Al-Qibla area: Wadis South of Mizda 2013

Al-Jufra area: (2 km) from Weshka, Wadi Zagar 1975

Notes

Wild in Libya.

Link of images: https://botany.cz/cs/echium-humile/, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-Djerba/Echium%20humile/Echium-humile.html https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/boraginaceae/echium-humile

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115709-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/115709-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000662849, https://www.gbif.org/species/8263679, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/77469/echium-humile-desf, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/boraginaceae/echium-humile, https://botany.cz/cs/echium-humile/, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-Djerba/Echium%20humile/Echium-humile.html

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1979) Flora of Libya, Boraginaceae Vol. (68) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page 41.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131

Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. https://hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018

Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna. 2017

Alhasi, S.M, and El-Barasi, Y.M. (2017) The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al-Oylia region, Al-Marj, Libya. Global Libyan Journal, ISSN 2518-5845. University of Benghazi, Faculty of Education Al Marj. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338996118_The_Weed_Flora_Of_Some_Crop_Fields_In_Al-_Oylia_Region_Al-Marj_Libya, https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Sabah-M-Al-Hasi-2170071476

The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al- Oylia region, Al-Marj. 2017

Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf

Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. 2015

Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf

FLORA AND VEGETATION ON SOUTH EL-MARJ ZONE SOUTH EL-JABAL EL-AKHADAR.2011

Al-Hamadi, R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).