General Appearance
Lotus tetragonolobus L. / Homotypic Synonyms: Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench, it is an annual herb, up to 10 – 40 cm, softly hairy, lying or ascending, with slender root. Leaflets obovate rhomboidal, obtuse, stipules ovate-lanceolate, approximately equal to the petiole, dark purple flowers, solitary or twinate on peduncles equal to or slightly exceeding the leaf, with a small leaf at the top, bell-shaped calyx, with teeth a little longer than the tube; glabrous, blackish, Corolla exceeding the calyx; standard equal to or exceeding the wings and keel. Pods, bordered by 4 wavy wings as wide as its diameter. Seeds many, 2-3 mm, globular, brown.
Flowering in: Feb-Apr.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Tripoli 1976,1977
Benghazi Plain: Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016
Jabal Nafusa: Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Al-Bakur, near Tocra 1968 Baida 1970 Shahat 1972 Wadi El-Kauf 1973 Shahat 1978 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 El-bakur 2007 Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007 S. of AL-Marj 2011 Al-Mansora 2013 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017 Wadi Derna 2017 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 From Zawiet Tamula to Al-Manarh, From Lustata to Beshtaya 2019 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 Gernada, Labraq, Shahat 2021 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2024
Notes
Wild in Libya.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:503918-1
Link of images: https://www.maltawildplants.com/FABC/Lotus_tetragonolobus.php, https://www.florandalucia.es/index.php/lotus-tetragonolobus, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=502724, https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=2724
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:503918-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/503918-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000212256, https://www.gbif.org/species/5356862, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/147994/tetragonolobus-purpureus-moench, https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/2860.html, https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_lotustetrago.php, https://www.maltawildplants.com/FABC/Lotus_tetragonolobus.php, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=502724, https://phrygana.eu/Flora/Fabaceae/Lotus-tetragonolobus/Lotus-tetragonolobus.html
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1980) Flora of Libya, Fabaceae Vol. (86) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 109- under Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
El-farse, M.H., Omar. N., Al-Zerbi, A.K., Alaib, M.A. El-Awamie, M.W., Bleiblo, F.A. (2024.) Floristic Diversity, Life-Form Composition, and Anthropogenic Pressures on The Vegetation of Wadi om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Northeastern Libya. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR). Volume 6, Issue 6, November-December 2024 ● Website: http://www.ijfmr.com, https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2024/6/33405.pdf, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Muftah-Elfarse-2
Floristic diversity of wadi om El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2024
Abusaief, H.M.A. & Boasoul, S.H. (2021) A taxonomic study of twelve wild forage species of Fabaceae. Heliyon 7 (2021) e06077. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021001821, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349574457_A_taxonomic_study_of_twelve_wild_forage_species_of_Fabaceae
A taxonomic study of twelve wild forage species of Fabaceae. 2021_compressed
Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442, https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805
Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2021
Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The First Issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf, https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Bishtaya in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj-University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339238955_tsnyf_alghta_alnbaty_wtwzyh_aljghrafy_fy_almntqt_almmtdt_ma_byn_alhnyt_wwady_alzqzwq_shmala_hty_lstath_wbshtaya_jnwba_aljbl_alakhdr_shrq_lybya
El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil
Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna. 2017
El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326461390_aalkhdr_baljbl_bwras_sydy_bmntqt_alnbaty_alghta_drast-lybya
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة سيدي بوراس –الجبل الاخضر 2017
Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil
دراسة الفلورا والغطاء النباتي للمنطقة الشبه صحراوية الممتدة بين مدينتي سلوق والابيار . 2016
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSI Publications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf
Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014
Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf
Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar. 2013
Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief
Foristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013
Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).
EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf
FLORA AND VEGETATION ON SOUTH EL-MARJ ZONE SOUTH EL-JABAL EL-AKHADAR.2011
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71
Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
Abd Al-lkhaleq, Y. M. (2007) Vegetation Coverage of El-Bakur Highlands in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Libya. (In Arabic).
Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout
Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya
Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط
Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
Prodr. Fl. Ciren.: 270 (1931). https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica
Fl. Liby. Prodr.: 78 (1910). https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6399663s
















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