General Appearance
Euphorbia retusa Forssk., it is a perennating herb, up to 40 cm tall, glabrous, glaucescent, often much branched from the base, with somewhat fistular stems and thick fleshy tap root. Cauline leaves sub fleshy, ovate-oblong, variable, smaller; margin entire or obscurely serrulate, sessile. Ray or ray let leaves 2-3, broadened and cordate at base, caudate-acuminate, pectinate-serrate, often recurved at tip, usually much larger and broader than the cauline leaves. Cyathium glands transversely ovate, with 2-4, short horns at edge or palmately 6-10-cleft. Capsules 5-6 mm, ovate, oblongish, somewhat constricted above the middle, rounded, glabrous, smooth. Seeds 2-2.5 mm, with 4 prominent, and some shorter lobes on large, sub membranous caruncle.
Flowering in: Feb.-May.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Wadi Al Atal, sandy and stony ground 1975, 1976
Zliten-Misurata Plain: Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006,2015 Misurata (Sassu Valley) 2016
Sirte Plains: Bougrain to Al Buayrat 1967 Wadi Sofegin 1978 Sirte 2015, 2016 Wadi Soofejeen 2017
Benghazi Plain: Ajdabia (Al-Bedan) 2016
Jabal Nafusa: Yefren, (108 km) S.E. Jado 1970 Kabao 1976 Wadi Kaam 2017 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Wadi El-Kouf 2014
Marmarica Plateau: Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002
Al-Qibla area: Wadi Nesma region 2009 Wadis South of Mizda 2013
Ghadames area: Ain Migzim, (10 km) from main road and turning of main road from Ghadames, (184 km) from Nalut to Ghadames 1975
Al-Jufra area: (30 km) from Hun to Bugrain 1973 (50 km) from Hun to Bugrain 1976 (12 km) from Faghe to Zella, (52 km) from Bugrain to Hun 1978
Notes
Wild in Libya, a desert species.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348042-1
Link of images: https://atlas-sahara.org/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia%20retusa/Euphorbia%20retusa.html, https://www.floraofqatar.com/euphorbia_retusa.htm, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/EUPRET/, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/euphorbiaceae/euphorbia-retusa
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348042-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/348042-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000964416, https://www.gbif.org/species/3068128, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/106179/euphorbia-retusa-forssk, https://atlas-sahara.org/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia%20retusa/Euphorbia%20retusa.html, https://www.floraofqatar.com/euphorbia_retusa.htm, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/EUPRET/, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/euphorbiaceae/euphorbia-retusa, https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en/page/view/item/71089.html
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 28.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020
Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha
التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .
Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K. E. (2016) Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area, Libya. Al-satil Vol. 10 No. 15 March 2016. (In Arabic) https://search.mandumah.com/Record/813441
Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area. 2016
Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf
El-Zerbi, A. K., Al-Borki, A. S., Al-Aib, M.A. (2016) Study of vegetation in Protected Al-Bedan southeast of Ajdabiya, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-No. (2) Volume (2) December 2016. ISSN: 2413-5267(In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/103, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371283472_drast_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyt_albydan_jnwb_shrq_ajdabya_lybya
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمحمية البيضان جنوب شرق اجدابيا- ليبيا. 2016
Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K.E. (2015) Natural plant cover composition in Misurata area, Libya. Assiut Journal for Environmental Studies-42nd Issue-July 2015. (In Arabic).
تركيب الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي في منطقة مصراتة 2015
Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf
Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. 2015
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf
Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014
Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).
Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).
PAMPANINI, R. (1914). Piantae Tripolitanae, ab auctore anno 1913 […] – Firenze: 180 – under: Euphorbia cornuta Pers.
















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