General Appearance
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. / Infraspecifics: Diplotaxis muralis ssp. muralis, it is an annual to perennating herb, up to (5-) 20-50 cm tall, glabrous to sparsely hispid, at least below, 1-may stemmed from the base. Leaves mostly basal, loosely to densely rosulate, lyrate-pinnatipartite to oblong-elliptic. pinnatifid to sinnate-dentate, coarsely dentate, very variable, shortly petioled to sub sessile; terminal lobe oblong-obovate to subtriangular; lateral lobes 1-5-paired, short oblong-triangular, sometimes leaves sub entire. Cauline leaves O-few, smaller dentate, cuneate, sub sessile. Racemes (8-) 10-25-flowered, lax and elongated in fruit. Flowers pale to bright yellow, sometimes becoming violaceous. Sepals (3-) 4-5 mm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy, yellowish to pale greenish, often pale violaceous. Petals (4-) 5-10 (-12) mm long, broadly obovate. Stamens 4-5: 5-7 mm long; anthers 1.5-1.8 mm long. Siliquae (15-) 20-45 x 1.5-2.5 (-3) mm. straight 10 curved, glabrous, ± erect on ascending pedicels, up to 2 (-2.5) cm long; beak stalk-like to conical, 1-2 mm long, seedless; valves sub membranous rounded or obtuse at the apex; gynophore 0-1 mm long; stigma capitate, obscurely 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate, 0.8-1 (-1.2) mm long, brownish.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Tarhuna road, Waddi Meginine 1974 Tripoli, (15 km) from Ben-Ghasher 1976 Sabrata 2008 Jafara Plain (Wadi Ghado) 2015 Sabratha region 2020
Sirte Plains: (7 Km) SE of Sitre City 2008 Wadi Al-Hamar Region 2020
Benghazi Plain: Msus-Al-Ajramia zone 2004 Ajdabia (Al-Bedan) 2016 Jardina-Soloq Region 2020 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 Soloq (Beir Bullerjam) 2022
Jabal Nafusa: Gebel Nefousa 1971 (6 km) from Tarhuna 1972 Abghilan, Gharian, Al-Awenia, Kaleba, Kabau, (8 km) before Zentan, between Rayana and Zentan 1974 (32 km) from Nalut 1975 Misallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Tarhuna (Dawoon, Sok-El-Ahed, Terghlat) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Wadi Kaam (Dam & lake) 2022
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017 Al-Oylia region 2017 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020
Marmarica Plateau: Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002 Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008
Notes
Wild in Libya, in sandy soil, medicinal plant.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:96869-3
Link of images: https://dryades.units.it/ampezzosauris/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&id=1630&num=3008, https://www.gbif.org/species/5376337, https://www.i-flora.com/en/the-smartphone-apps/iflora-deutschland/species/art/show/diplotaxis-muralis-1.html
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:96869-3, https://www.ipni.org/n/96869-3, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000650478, https://www.gbif.org/species/5376337, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/77651/diplotaxis-muralis-l-dc, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/diplotaxis/muralis/, https://dryades.units.it/duino_en/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&id=1630&num=3008 https://pfaf.org/plants/wall-rocket-diplotaxis-muralis/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplotaxis_muralis
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Ali, S.I. & Jafri, S.M.H. (1977) Flora of Libya, Brassicaceae Vol. (23) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 35.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya, https://jbes.journals.ekb.eg/article_372060_558ee8095e2cf97881a8a3cc705aa126.pdf
Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya.2022
Omar, N., Adrees, A., Alhursh, A., Shuayb, M., Alajeeli, O., Alzerbi, A.K. (2022) Identification of the Most Important Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region-Soloq, Libya. Scientific Journal for the Faculty of Science-Sirte University Vol. 2, No. 1 April (2022) 15-22. https://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/jsfsu/issue/view/5, https://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/jsfsu/article/view/51/45
Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region – Soloq, Libya. 2022_compressed
Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf
Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. 2021.-مضغوط
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf, https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020
Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
Omar, N.O.I., Alaib, M.A., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Alzerbi, A.K. (2020) Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Science 6 (2), (2020) 20-24. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar
Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. 2020
Omar, N., Alai, M.A. & Al-Zerbi, A.K. (2020) A Survey of Weed Species of Barley Crop Fields in Farms of GMR Agricultural Project in Jardina-Soloq Region, Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Sciences, Vol: 11, No: 1, P: 29-38, August. 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar, https://repository.uob.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1535
A Survey of Weed Species of Barley Crop Fields in Jardina-Soloq Region, Libya.2020
Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html
Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018
Alhasi, S.M, and El-Barasi, Y.M. (2017) The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al-Oylia region, Al-Marj, Libya. Global Libyan Journal, ISSN 2518-5845. University of Benghazi, Faculty of Education Al Marj. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338996118_The_Weed_Flora_Of_Some_Crop_Fields_In_Al-_Oylia_Region_Al-Marj_Libya https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Sabah-M-Al-Hasi-2170071476
The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al- Oylia region, Al-Marj. 2017
El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326461390_aalkhdr_baljbl_bwras_sydy_bmntqt_alnbaty_alghta_drast-lybya
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة سيدي بوراس –الجبل الاخضر 2017
El-Zerbi, A. K., Al-Borki, A. S., Al-Aib, M.A. (2016) Study of vegetation in Protected Al-Bedan southeast of Ajdabiya, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-No. (2) Volume (2) December 2016. ISSN: 2413-5267(In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/103, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371283472_drast_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyt_albydan_jnwb_shrq_ajdabya_lybya
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمحمية البيضان جنوب شرق اجدابيا- ليبيا. 2016
Abu Hadra, M. N. & Harkat, Z. M. (2015) A taxonomic study of the components of vegetation cover and notes on the environmental impact of Wadi Ghado in the Jafara Plain region in Libya. Professor magazine-Issue 8-University of Tripoli.(In Arabic) https://uotpa.org.ly/alostath/index.php/alostath/issue/view/8
دراسة تصنيفية لمكونات الغطاء النباتي بوادي غدو بمنطقة سهل الجفارة في ليبيا. 2015
Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Aib, M. A. and El-Shakhy, N. O. (2008) Weed flora of great man made river agriculture project (sirte). Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, Vol.102, Issue 3: 241-25. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Alaib, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343655187_Weed_Flora_of_Great_Man-Made_River_Agriculture_Project_Sirte
El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic).
Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic).
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Jetlawi A.O.(2004) Study of vegetation and soil seed bank of a range desert zone (Msus-Al-Ajramia), Master of Science Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya (In Arabic).
El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).
Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
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