Flora

Silene gallica L.

Family: Caryophyllaceae

Flowering Time: Nov-Apr.

General Appearance

Silene gallica L. // Infraspecifics: Silene gallica var. gallica /Heterotypic Synonyms: Silene cerastoides L., it is a pubescent annual herbaceous species. Stems 10-45 cm tall, simple or branched from the base. Leaves mucronate; lower leaves spatulate to oblanceolate; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate. Inflorescence monochasial. Lower pedicels up to 8 mm long, erect; upper pedicels shorter. Calyx tube oblong-cylindrical at anthesis, 7-10 (-1 I) mm long, ovoid-sub globose, contracted at the apex, and not umbilicate in fruit. 10-nerved, nerves green, non-astamosing, with dimorphic indumentum of long multicellular articulate hairs and short, sand adherent, glandular hairs; teeth linear-lanceolate or ± triangular, 2-3 mm long, ± recurved; ciliate on margins. Petal limb obovate, 5-6 mm long, entire or emarginate, white or pink, occasionally with a crims on spot in the center; claws white, c. 8-12 mm long, sub connate, slightly exserted or not; coronal scales oblong, c. 2 mm long, entire or emarginate. Stamens 10, filaments hairy; anthers oblong, 1-1.5 mm long. Ovary oblong, glabrous, on short densely hairy stipe; styles filiform, not exserted. Capsule oblong-ovoid. Seeds wingless, reniform, lead-grey; lateral faces deeply concave; back broad with a shallow depression. Cells of the lateral faces elongated, with a row of aligned papillae and crenate-dentate margins. Cells of the back ± mamillate, each with a single central papilla. Cells of the hilar region lacking filiform elements

Life Form

Phytochoria

S.Cosm. The native range of this species is Macaronesia, W. Europe to Medit. and Caucasus.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain: Reported from Mellaha by Durand & Barratte, Maire and Keith Talil beach, (10 km) from Sabratha 1976 Tripoli 1975,1976,1977 El-Zawia 2015 Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli 2016 Mallaha Wetland Tripoli 2016 Sabratha region 2020 Coastal of Tripoli 2020 Researches Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tripoli 2021

Benghazi Plain: Wadi El-Ghattara 2010

Jabal Nafusa: Reported from Gharian, by Durand & Barratte, Maire and Keith. Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Wlaad Hammad) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Reported from Baida by Durand & Barratte, Maire and Keith Wadi Zaza 2003 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020

Marmarica Plateau: Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930

Notes

Wild in Libya, medicinal plant.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332106-2

Link of images: https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/silene_gallica.htm, https://www.atlasdesemillasdecanarias.org/atlas/ficha.php?ID=105, https://www.florandalucia.es/index.php/silene-gallica, https://www.cretanflora.com/silene_gallica.html

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332106-2, https://www.ipni.org/n/332106-2, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000440573, https://www.gbif.org/species/5384848, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/13219/silene-gallica-l, https://www.atlasdesemillasdecanarias.org/atlas/ficha.php?ID=105. https://www.cretanflora.com/silene_gallica.html, https://www.florandalucia.es/index.php/silene-gallica https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/silene_gallica.htm, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/silene/gallica/, https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_silenegallica.php, https://www.floravascular.com/index.php?spp=Silene%20gallica, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/SILGAL/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silene_gallica

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Caryophyllaceae Vol. (59) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 69.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Sghair, F.G. and Mahklouf, M.H. (2021) Vegetation Survey for Vascular Plants of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. Species. Vol.22 (69), 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/A1.pdf

Vegetation Survey of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. 2021

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The First Issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf, https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.

Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl , http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131

Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html

Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018

El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326461390_aalkhdr_baljbl_bwras_sydy_bmntqt_alnbaty_alghta_drast-lybya

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة سيدي بوراس –الجبل الاخضر 2017

Mahklouf, M.H. &Al-Sghair, F.G. (2016) Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Oct 2016, Volume 4, Issue 4.PP(119-123) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310898871_Floristic_and_Inventory_Study_of_Mallaha_Wetland_Tripoli_-_Libya

Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. 2016.

Mahklouf, M. H. &Al Sghair, F. G. (2016) Biodiversity and Floristic Study of Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli-Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Original Article, pag. (101-103). Jul 2016, Volume 4, Issue 3, DOI: 10.21859/ajlsr-040307. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fathi-Al-Sghair

Biodiversity and Floristic Study of Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli–Libya. 2016

Al-Fiqi, Abd al-Salam M., Abul-Qasim, R. (2015) Inventory of the vegetation cover surrounding Al-Zawiya University. The Libyan Journal of Science Volume 18, 2014/2015 .(In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/issue/view/24

حصرالغطاء النباتى المحيط بجامعة الزاوية. 2015

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71

Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط

Prodr. Fl. Ciren.: 195 (1931). https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica

Piantae Tripol. : 81 (1914).