Arbutus pavarii Pamp.

Common Name: Shmary.
Family: Ericaceae

General Appearance

Arbutus pavarii Pamp.,  it  is an evergreen shrub or small tree, growing up to 1.5–3 m (sometimes up to 6 m). The trunk and branches have red-brown, plaque-like bark that flakes off into small pieces. Young branches have bristly hair. The leaves, leathery and shiny on the upper surface, are oval or oblong-lanceolate in shape, measuring from 4 to 11 cm in length and from 1.5 to 4 cm in width. The leaf margin is almost entire, finely toothed. The petiole is 4–10 mm long. The inflorescences are terminal, with hanging panicles. Individual flowers are located below the axillary attachment of a supporting bract and are 2–3 mm long. The calyx, about 1 mm long, is naked and has five triangular-oval lobes. The inverted crown is creamy white to pink, jug-shaped, about 8 mm long, with five curved lobes, only 0.7–1 mm long. The fruit is spherical, with a diameter of 15 to 20 mm, fleshy, at first yellow or orange, then deep crimson or scarlet, with an irregular and warty surface and with many seeds in each compartment. The seeds measure 3.5 × 2 mm, have a pear shape, with a brown and grooved surface.

Flowering in: Oct-Apr.

Life Form

Ph.

Phytochoria

Endemic. The native range of this species is NE. Libya.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:  (5 km) E. of Tocra, Wadi El-Kauf, (15 km) E. of El-Merj to Baida,Wadi El-Hussaien, along the costa road Ras El-Hilal-Shahat, Taknis 1967 (5 km) W. of Baida, Shahat to Susa, Wadi Qala a above Ras El-Hilal 1970  Taknis 1973 (35 km) beyond Baida, Wadi Mahbool 1975  Al-Ghareeb, (10 km) before Baida, Ras El-Hilal 1977  El-kouf area 1984  Wadi Al-Agar 1999    Wadi Zaza 2003  El-Hamamah to Biada 2003  Al-Bakur 2007  Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007  Gebel Akhder2009  Wadi El-Akar, Wadi Algharega, Qandulah, Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, Wadi El-Kouf 2011  Wadi El-Shees 2014  Wadi El-Kouf 2014    Between Labrag and Shahat 2014  Al-Baida, Zawet Al-Arqub, Wadi Al-Zaqzub, Al-Hania 2014  Wadi Haboon 2015  Gebel Akhder 2015  Wadi Belkaf-Bata 2016  Derisia (Talmeta), Tocra-Al-Bakur, Barce, Shahat-Susa, Susa-Derna, Tocra-Wadi El-Akar El-Merj, Wadi El-Kouf, Marawa-El-Merj, El-Baida-Shahat Slonta, Wadi El-Gharega 2016  Wadi Al-Agar 2017  Al-Marj-Al-Baida, El-Beida, Shahat 2016, 2017, 2018  Susah, Shahat, Sidi Ahmad Al-Hemery, Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, El-Beida (Belghra), Wadi El-Kouf 2017   Sidi Al-Hamri, Habun (Ain Al-Shallala), Balghara, Maibra 2017  Wadi Zaza, Wadi Jarjar-Omma, Wadi Ras Al-Hilal 2017  Wadi Butuma, Al-Tayes, Wadi Al-Aesh, Wadi Kaab 2018  Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019  From Zawiet Tamula to Al-Manarh, From Lustata to Beshtaya 2019  Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020  Al-Teneen area northwest of Al-Marj 2020  Ain Mara 2020  Wadi Al-Kouf 2021   Al-Mansura to Settia 2021  Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2021

Notes

Wild, Endemic in Libya, medicinal plant, Endangered Plant in Libya
Libyan Strawberry Tree Arbutus pavarii has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2021. Arbutus pavarii is listed as Near Threatened under criteria A2c.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326496-1

Link of images: https://www.gbif.org/taxon/G6QM,   https://lwt.ly/1780/

 

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Ericaceae Vol.  (54) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 6.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Ajil, K.I., Masoud, M. J., Mustafa, H. M. (2021) The effect of urban sprawl on vegetation covers in Al-Mansura and Settia. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya. The Libyan International Journal- Issue (52) -ISSN 2518-5845 – College of Science Al-Marj-University of Benghazi. (In Arabic) https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LdqR2LgAAAAJ&hl=a ,  https://repository.uob.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1571, http://repository.uob.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1571

الغطاء النباتي في المنصورة وسطية الجبل الاخضر 2021

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442,  https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2021

Mohamed, A.H., Mosallam, H.A., Sergwa, S.S., Gibreel, M.A. (2021) Impact of Edaphic Factors on Vegetation Composition in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Egypt. J. Bot., Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 191-201 (2021) https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_119404.html

Impact of Edaphic Factors on Vegetation Composition in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2021

Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The First Issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf,  https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

الغطاء النباتي في منطقة عين مارة بمنطقة الجبل الاخضر2020

Saleh, M. M., & Lachhab, S. R. (2020) Plant diversity in Al-Teneen area northwest of Al-Marj City-Libya. Aref Journal for Human Studies- Issue (5) 2020, Pp. (3-65) Ajdabiya University-Libya. (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346554140_bhth_altnw_alnbaty_fy_mntqt_altnyn_shmal_ghrb_mdynt_almrj_lybya

التنوع النباتي في منطقة التنين شمال غرب مدينة المرج- ليبيا. 2020

Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Bishtaya in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj-University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339238955_tsnyf_alghta_alnbaty_wtwzyh_aljghrafy_fy_almntqt_almmtdt_ma_byn_alhnyt_wwady_alzqzwq_shmala_hty_lstath_wbshtaya_jnwba_aljbl_alakhdr_shrq_lybya

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

Mubarak, A. M.A., Lashhab, S. R. H. (2018) Charcoal manufacturing and its impact on the deterioration of vegetation cover in the area between Merad Massoud and Asdos in Al Jabal Al Akhdar-eastern Libya. Journal of Science and Human Studies-Al-Marj-Issue 58 – 15 / November 2018.  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb

التفحيم وأثره في تدهور الغطاء النباتي في بالجبل الاخضر 2018

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2017) Similarities between elevations in a rare species of some locations at Al- Jabal Al-Akhdar in Libya. International Journal of Environment ISSN 2077-4505.Volume: 06 Issue: 03 July-Sept. 2017, Page: 78-102. http://www.curresweb.com/ije/ije/2017/78-102.pdf

Similarities between elevations in a rare species of some locations at Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar. 2017

Abusaief, H.M.A. & Alwishish, F.M. (2017) Survey of endangered plants and description the seeds in some sites at Al-JabalAl-Akhdar of Libya. Curr. Sci. Int., 6 (3): 511-539, 2017 ISSN 2077-4435. http://www.curresweb.com/csi/csi/2017/511-539.pdf

Survey of endangered plants at Al-Jabal – Al-Akhdar of Libya 2017_compressed

Mosallam, H.A., Mohamed, A.H., Sergiwa S.S, Gibreel, M.A (2017). Size distribution of some endangered plant species, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Egypt. J. Bot., Vol. 57, No, 1. Pp.181-197 (2017) https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_2500.html

Size distribution of some endangered plant species, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. 2017

Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas, P.A., ELMogasapi, A. (2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192. https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/

Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya 2017

Al-Aib, M.A., Elbakkosh, A.M., Ali, Y.B., Gadelmola, A.S., Elmhafdi, A.M. (2016) Preliminary Investigation of the Vegetation of Wadi Belkaf-Bata Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Science (LJBS) Vol: 4, No: 1, PP: 20-27., 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Alaib,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323772475_Preliminary_Investigation_of_the_Vegetation_of_Wadi_Belkaf-Bata_Al-Jabal_Al-Akhdar-Libya

Preliminary Investigation of the Vegetation of Wadi Belkaf- Bata Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya. 2016

Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust,L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya. Journal of  Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue 4, pp 741–761. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-016-0345-8, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2

El-Rabiai, G.T. & Al tira, M. (2015) Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8-9): Aug-Sep, 2015:4661-4665] Coden (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292919013_Checklist_of_the_Flora_of_Wadi_Haboonat_AI_Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboonat AI Jabal AI Akhdar. 2015

Essokne, R.S. & Jury, S.L. (2015) Report on a visit to Gebel Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Fl. Medit. 25: 79-85-doi: 10.7320/FlMedit25.079-Version of Record published online on 30 December 2015. http://www.herbmedit.org/flora/FL25_079-086.pdf, https://herbmedit.org/storage/1078/FL25_079-086.pdf

Report on a visit to Jebel Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya) 2015

Ahmed, H. M. (2014) Assessment of natural vegetation in the area between Abraq and Shahat in the south and the coastline in the north. Journal of Science and Human Studies-Al-Marj. Issue 4-ISSN: 2312-4962 Benghazi University. (In Arabic) https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/JSH/login

الغطاء النباتي الابرق – شحات 2014-مضغوط

Ali, A. M. (2014) Indicators of deterioration of natural vegetation cover in the area extending between Al-Bayada and Zawiyat Al-Arqoub and from Wadi Al-Zaqzouq and Al-Haniyah area in the north in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar in eastern Libya. International Journal of Environment & Water, ISSN 2052-3408, Vol 3, Issue 6, 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/bdalmnm-ambark,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337228617_mwshrat_tdhwr_alghta_alnbaty_altbyy_fy_almntqt_almmtdt_ma_byn_albyadt_wzawyt_alrqwb_jnwbaa_wmn_wady_alzqzwq_wmntqt_alhnyt_shmalaa_fy_aljbl_alakhdr_-_shrq_lybya

تدهور الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي في المنطقة الممتدة ما بين البياضة وزاوية العرقوب الجبل الاخضر

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014

Shaltout, K, Fawzy, M., Galal T., Awad M., El-Barasi Y., Saeed, B. (2014) Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communities and size structure of Wadi El-Shees, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. FeddesRepertorium2014, 125, 1-13 DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201400023 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fedr.201400023

Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communitie in Wadi-El-Shees-2014

Hegazyi, A.K., Boulos, L., Kabiel, H.F. and Sharashy, O.S. (2011) Vegetaion and species altitudinal distribution in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape, Libya. Pak. J. Bot., 43(4): 1885-1898, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hanan_Kabiel/publication/249011161_Vegetation_and_species_altitudinal_distribution_in_Al-Jabal_Al-Akhdar_landscape_Libya/links/58171d7c08ae90acb24128b9.pdf

VEGETATION AND SPECIES ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION IN AL-JABAL AL-AKHDAR. 2011

El-Darier, S.M. & El-Mogaspi, F.M. (2009) Ethno botany and Relative Importance of Some Endemic Plant Species at El-Jabal El-Akhdar Region (Libya). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (3): 353-360, 2009 ISSN 1817-3047, IDOSI Publications, 2009. http://www.idosi.org/wjas/wjas5(3)/16.pdf

Some Endemic Plant Species at El-Jabal El-Akhdar Region (Libya) 2009

Abd Al-lkhaleq, Y. M. (2007) Vegetation Coverage of El-Bakur Highlands in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547,  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout

Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

ACSAD (1984) Wadi Al-Kouf National Park Studies Project. Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands.

PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. -: 352 – under: Arbutus unedo auct. https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica

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