Alkanna tinctoria Tausch

Common Name: Hennat el agarb.
Family: Boraginaceae
Flowering Time: Des-Mar.

General Appearance

Alkanna tinctoria Tausch / Infraspecific: Alkanna tinctoria ssp. tinctoria, Alkanna tinctoria ssp. tripolitana (Bornm.) Qaiser, it is a procumbent to ascending, setose to hispid, perennial herb up to (5-) 10-20 (-25) cm tall.  Stem somewhat glandular. Basal leaves oblong-linear. 30-10 (150) x 5-10 (15) mm. Lower cauline leaves, somewhat shorter than basal, cordate at base. Upper cauline leaves elliptic-ovate, entire, acute to subacute. Bracts oblong to lanceolate, 6-10 (-15) x 1-5 mm. Calyx oblong lanceolate, 5-7 x 1.5-2 mm in flower, increasing to 7-12 mm in fruit, ± densely covered with setiform hispid hairs. Corolla blue or white, glabrous, tube somewhat longer than the calyx, limb 6-10 (-12) mm in diameter, lobes rounded, somewhat spathulate. Anthers c. 1 mm long, filaments somewhat shorter than the anthers. Nutlets c. 2 mm in diameter, ± obconic, irregularly reticulate to tuberculate.

Life Form

Ch

Phytochoria

MED. The native range of this species is Medit. to S. Central Europe.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:  (12 km) W. of Tripoli, (20,23 km) E. of Tripoli, Tripoli, Sidi Mesri 1967   Tripoli 1970,1975,1976  (15 km) from Ben-Ghasher 1976  (40 km) E. of Tripoli 1977   Jafara Plain (Wadi Ghado) 2015  El-Zawia 2015   Sabratha region 2020 Researches Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tripoli 2021

Zliten-Misurata Plain:  Misurata 2006, 2008

Benghazi Plain:  Ajdabia (Al-Bedan) 2016  Ajdabia (Al-Bedan) 2017

Jabal Nafusa:  Gebel Nafousa 1971  Abughilan, Tubbi-Gharian 1972  Al-Awenia 1974  Mngh el Bahar, (2 km) before Kaleba, Kaleba, El-Asaba, Al-Awenia, (7 km) before Zentan 1974   (10 km) before Ghariian 1973,1977  (4 km) S. W. of Kussbat, Gurmat area, Misallata, Wargha 1978     Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008   Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013  Msallata (Shaafien) 2017  Wadi Kaam 2017  Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020  Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020   Wadi Kaam (Headwaters) 2022

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:  Wadi El-Kouf 1978

Marmarica Plateau:  Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1979) Flora of Libya, Boraginaceae Vol. (68) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 76.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya, https://jbes.journals.ekb.eg/article_372060_558ee8095e2cf97881a8a3cc705aa126.pdf

Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya.2022

Al-Sghair, F.G. and Mahklouf, M.H. (2021) Vegetation Survey for Vascular Plants of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. Species. Vol.22 (69), 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahkloufhttp://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/index.htm,   http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/A1.pdf

Vegetation Survey of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. 2021

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .

Bou-Gharsa, Saleh, A. & Al Sheikhi, S. K. (2017) A study on the diversity of vegetation covers in El-Beidan and El-Glidaya protected areas in Ajdabiya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/salh-alshykhy, https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/salh-tyt-bwghrst-2320557670, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343934906_drast_hwl_tnw_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyty_albydan_w_aljlydayh_bmdynt_ajdabya

دراسة حول تنوع الغطاء النباتي بمحميتي البيضان والجليداية بمدينة اجدابيا. 2017

El-Zerbi, A. K., Al-Borki, A. S., Al-Aib, M.A. (2016) Study of vegetation in Protected Al-Bedan southeast of Ajdabiya, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-No. (2) Volume (2) December 2016. ISSN: 2413-5267(In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/103, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371283472_drast_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyt_albydan_jnwb_shrq_ajdabya_lybya

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمحمية البيضان جنوب شرق اجدابيا- ليبيا. 2016

Abu Hadra, M. N. & Harkat, Z. M. (2015) A taxonomic study of the components of vegetation cover and notes on the environmental impact of Wadi Ghado in the Jafara Plain region in Libya. Professor magazine-Issue 8-University of Tripoli.(In Arabic) https://uotpa.org.ly/alostath/index.php/alostath/issue/view/8

دراسة تصنيفية لمكونات الغطاء النباتي بوادي غدو بمنطقة سهل الجفارة في ليبيا. 2015

Al-Fiqi, Abd al-Salam M., Abul-Qasim, R. (2015) Inventory of the vegetation cover surrounding Al-Zawiya University. The Libyan Journal of Science Volume 18, 2014/2015 .(In Arabic).

حصرالغطاء النباتى المحيط بجامعة الزاوية. 2015

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008).

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).

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