General Appearance
Euphorbia terracina L., it is a perennial herb or small shrublet, glabrous, up to 70 cm long, erect to sub erect. Simple or branched from the base. Leaves alternate, (10) 15-40 (-50) x (2-) 4-7 (-10) mm, linear-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, minutely to obscurely serrulate, very variable. Axillary rays 0-5. Ray-leaves resembling the upper cauline leaves, raylet leaves deltate-rhombic, Sometimes slightly asymmetrical, occasionally coarsely serrulate. Rays 4-5. up 10 5 times forked. Glands with 2 long, slender horns. Capsules 3·5 x 4-5 mm, deeply sulcate, smooth. Seeds 2-2.5 mm, ovoid, smooth, pale-grey or whitish.
Flowering in: Jan-May.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Tripoli, (12 km) W. of Tripoli 1967 Tripoli 1976,1977,1978 Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli 2016 Mallaha Wetland Tripoli 2016 Research station (faculties of Agriculture) 2017 Sabratha region 2020 Coastal of Tripoli 2020 Researches Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tripoli 2021
Zliten-Misurata Plain: Leptis Magna, Misurata 1967, 1978 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006,2008 Misurata (Sassu Valley) 2016 Wadi Kaam (Estuary) 2022 Zliten coast 2022
Sirte Plains: Sirte 1978 (7 Km) SE of Sitre City 2008 Sirte 2015, 2016 Wadi Al-Hamar Region 2020
Benghazi Plain: Jardina-Soloq Region 2020
Jabal Nafusa: Kabao 1972 Gharian, Gasr Khiar, Sharshara, Misallata 1978 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Msaaed) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020
Marmarica Plateau: Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930
Notes
Wild in Libya.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348473-1
Link of images: https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=2966, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/euphorbia_terracina.htm
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348473-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/348473-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000965062, https://www.gbif.org/species/3064472, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/143232/euphorbia-terracina-l, https://florabase.dbca.wa.gov.au/browse/profile.php/4648, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/euphorbia_terracina.htm, https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=2966
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 44.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya, https://jbes.journals.ekb.eg/article_372060_558ee8095e2cf97881a8a3cc705aa126.pdf
Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya.2022
El-karnawdy, F.O.M., Abogmiza, A.F.M., Alsouyid, H.M.M., Ajaj. K.A.K. (2022) Floristic composition of Zygophyllum coccineum L. Associates in Zliten coast, Libya. 5th International African conference on current studies. February 2-5, 2022 Cairo, Egypt.
Floristic composition of Zygophyllum coccineum L. Associates in Zliten coast. 2022
Al-Sghair, F.G. and Mahklouf, M.H. (2021) Vegetation Survey for Vascular Plants of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. Species. Vol.22 (69), 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/A1.pdf
Vegetation Survey of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. 2021
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.
Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131
Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
Omar, N.O.I., Alaib, M.A., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Alzerbi, A.K. (2020) Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Science 6 (2), (2020) 20-24. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar
Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. 2020
Omar, N., Alai, M.A. & Al-Zerbi, A.K. (2020) A Survey of Weed Species of Barley Crop Fields in Farms of GMR Agricultural Project in Jardina-Soloq Region, Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Sciences, Vol: 11, No: 1, P: 29-38, August. 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar, https://repository.uob.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1535
A Survey of Weed Species of Barley Crop Fields in Jardina-Soloq Region, Libya.2020
Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html
Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018
Nasif, M. A., Al-Ganoni, A. M., Knotch, O. M., Nafees. A. A. (2017) Survey of weeds in the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture-University of Tripoli. Libyan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, No. (1) Vol (22) p. (35-46). (In Arabic).
مسح الحشائش في محطة ابحاث كلية الزراعة – جامعة طرابلس. 2017
Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K. E. (2016) Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area, Libya. Al-satil Vol. 10 No. 15 March 2016. (In Arabic).
Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area. 2016
Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf
Mahklouf, M.H. &Al-Sghair, F.G. (2016) Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Oct 2016, Volume 4, Issue 4.PP(119-123) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310898871_Floristic_and_Inventory_Study_of_Mallaha_Wetland_Tripoli_-_Libya
Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. 2016.
Mahklouf, M. H. &Al Sghair, F. G. (2016) Biodiversity and Floristic Study of Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli-Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Original Article, pag. (101-103). Jul 2016, Volume 4, Issue 3, DOI: 10.21859/ajlsr-040307. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fathi-Al-Sghair
Biodiversity and Floristic Study of Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli–Libya. 2016
Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf
Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. 2015
Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Aib, M. A. and El-Shakhy, N. O. (2008) Weed flora of great man made river agriculture project (sirte). Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, Vol.102, Issue 3: 241-25. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Alaib,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343655187_Weed_Flora_of_Great_Man-Made_River_Agriculture_Project_Sirte
Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008).
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).
VIVIANI (1824). Flora Libyca Spec. – : under: Euphorbia seticornis Poir.











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