General Appearance
Euphorbia falcata L. / Heterotypic Synonyms: Euphorbia falcata ssp. falcate, it is an annual herb, sometimes becoming entirely reddish, up to 30 (-40) cm, simple or branched from the base with several axillary rays above. Cauline leaves alternate, linear-oblong to obovate-spathulate, mucronate, 5-30 x 3-5 mm, entire. Ray-leaves like the cauline; raylet leaves up to 20 x 10 mm, asymmetrically suborbicular or elliptic-ovate, acuminate to aristate, sub entire. Rays 4-5, up to5 times dichotomous. Glands on cyathia broad, with 2 horns. Capsules 1.5-2 x 1-2.5 mm, shallowly sulcate, smooth. Seeds 1-1.2 mm, flattened-ovoid-quadrangular. Pale grey or brown, transversely sulcate.
Flowering in: Feb-May.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Wadi Al Atal 1975
Zliten-Misurata Plain: Kaam area 2005
Benghazi Plain: Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021
Jabal Nafusa: (5 km) after Asaba, Al-Awenia 1974 Kaleba 1975 Area of Wadi El-Mjeneen, Dam, mountainous area, top soil sandy with gravels. 1978 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Zurgan) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: (12 km) E. El-Merj, Plateau, (2 km) W. Wadi Mahbool, Susa costal road, Up stream of Wadi El-Kouf, Wadi Derna 1968 Baida 1970 (5 km) from Baida, Taknies, (20 km) from Labrag 1972 Ras El-Hilal, Wadi Mahbool 1978 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 Al-Mansora 2013 V alley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi Derna 2017 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020
Marmarica Plateau: Omm Rezem 1968
Notes
Wild in Libya, medicinal plant.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332094-2
Link of images: https://botany.cz/cs/euphorbia-falcata/, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/EUPFAL/, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=3056, https://www.i-flora.com/en/the-smartphone-apps/iflora-deutschland/species/art/show/euphorbia-falcata-1.html
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332094-2, https://www.ipni.org/n/332094-2, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000962039, https://www.gbif.org/species/3068845, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/143076/euphorbia-falcata-l, https://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia_falcata.htm, https://botany.cz/cs/euphorbia-falcata/, https://www.ksanature.com/plants/euphorbia_falcata/, https://agroatlas.ru/ru/content/weeds/Euphorbia_falcata/index.html, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=3056, https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=2940, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/EUPFAL/, https://www.i-flora.com/en/the-smartphone-apps/iflora-deutschland/species/art/show/euphorbia-falcata-1.html
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 40.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf
Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. 2021.-مضغوط
Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The First Issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf, https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html
Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018
Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil
Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna. 2017
Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil
دراسة الفلورا والغطاء النباتي للمنطقة الشبه صحراوية الممتدة بين مدينتي سلوق والابيار . 2016
Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf
Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar. 2013
Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief
Foristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013
Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya
Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط
Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. -: 310 – under: Euphorbia falcata var. acuminata (Lam.) St.-Amans https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica













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