Flora

Eruca sativa Mill.

Common Name: Gargeer Barry.

Family: Brassicaceae

Flowering Time: Jan-Apr.

General Appearance

Eruca sativa Mill. / Homotypic Synonyms: Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell., it is an annual, subfoetid herb, up to 60 (-80) cm tall, erect, simple or slightly branched from below, hispid to almost glabrous with ± retrorse, whitish ciliate hairs. Lower leaves 4-5-jugate, 7-15 x 3-5 cm, shortly petiolate; terminal lobe somewhat larger, ovate, lateral lobes ovate-oblong, irregularly lobulate or denticulate. Racemes elongated in fruit, mostly ebracteate. Flowers 15-20 mm across, dull yellowish to dilly white with conspicuous brownish or violet veins on petals. Pedicels usually 3-5 mm in fruit, erect, ± thickened. Sepals 8-12 mm long, often pale violaceous. Petals 15-21 x 5-6.5 mm. obovate, long-clawed, with truncate apex. Stamens 9-13: 11-15 mm; anthers c. 3 mm long, oblong, sagittate, ± obtuse. Siliquae 15-30 x (3.5-) 4-5 (-6) mm (including beak c. half as long) oblong turgid with a strong mid-vein on the coriaceous valves, retrorsely hispid to glabrous; beak flat, seedless, with margins often slightly constricted above, glabrous. Seeds ± globose c. 2 mm in diam., brownish.

Life Form

Phytochoria

Cosm. The native range of this species is Medit. to China and Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain: Tripoli 1974 Wadi Al-Atal 1976 Sabratha region 2020

Zliten-Misurata Plain: Leptus Megna 1975 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2008

Benghazi Plain: Msus-Al-Ajramia zone 2004 Ajdabia (Al-Bedan) 2016 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 Beach sand dunes in Karkurah 2021 Soloq (Beir Bullerjam) 2022

Jabal Nafusa: (2 km) before Gharyan 1974 Tagma, Kaleba 1974 (36 km) N. of Nalut, Ain-Kaam 1975 (25 km) from Nalut, bevore Tiji, Kabau, Tarhuna, Sharshara 1976 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata (Shaafien) 2017 Tarhuna (Makhalef, Whedat) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Wadi Al-Ager 2017 Ain Mara 2020

Al-Qibla area: Wadis South of Mizda 2013

Notes

Wild in Libya, medicinal plant.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1110374-2

Link of images: https://wildlife.org.ly/plant-cards/eruca-sativa-mill/, https://www.infoflora.ch/en/flora/eruca-sativa.html, https://botany.cz/cs/eruca-sativa/, https://www.plantasyhongos.es/herbarium/htm/Eruca_sativa.htm

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1110374-2, https://www.ipni.org/n/1110374-2, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000677401, https://www.gbif.org/species/5375936, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/78047/eruca-sativa-mill, https://wildlife.org.ly/plant-cards/eruca-sativa-mill/, https://www.plantasyhongos.es/herbarium/htm/Eruca_sativa.htm, https://herb.najah.edu/node/201, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/erusat/, https://botany.cz/cs/eruca-sativa/

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Ali, S.I. & Jafri, S.M.H. (1977) Flora of Libya, Brassicaceae Vol. (23) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 39.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Alteerah, M.A., El-Barasi, Y.M., Ali Alwerfally, A. (2023) Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area, east of Libya. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726), 11(X), 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah

Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area. 2023

Omar, N., Adrees, A., Alhursh, A., Shuayb, M., Alajeeli, O., Alzerbi, A.K. (2022) Identification of the Most Important Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region-Soloq, Libya. Scientific Journal for the Faculty of Science-Sirte University Vol. 2, No. 1 April (2022) 15-22. https://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/jsfsu/issue/view/5, https://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/jsfsu/article/view/51/45

Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region – Soloq, Libya. 2022_compressed

Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf

Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. 2021.-مضغوط

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

الغطاء النباتي في منطقة عين مارة بمنطقة الجبل الاخضر2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html

Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .

El-Zerbi, A. K., Al-Borki, A. S., Al-Aib, M.A. (2016) Study of vegetation in Protected Al-Bedan southeast of Ajdabiya, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-No. (2) Volume (2) December 2016. ISSN: 2413-5267(In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/103, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371283472_drast_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyt_albydan_jnwb_shrq_ajdabya_lybya

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمحمية البيضان جنوب شرق اجدابيا- ليبيا. 2016

Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

دراسة الفلورا والغطاء النباتي للمنطقة الشبه صحراوية الممتدة بين مدينتي سلوق والابيار . 2016

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008).

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008) Floristic composition of Sahara Area in Libya. Catrina (2008), 3(3):37-53. https://www.academia.edu/105539352/Floristic_composition_of_Sahara_Area_in_Libya

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Jetlawi A.O.(2004) Study of vegetation and soil seed bank of a range desert zone (Msus-Al-Ajramia), Master of Science Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya (In Arabic).

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).