Euphorbia characias L.

General Appearance

Euphorbia characias L., it is a tall perennial herb or small shrub, woody below, up to 1m (-2 m) high, leafy above, densely tomentose, rarely glabrescent, glaucous, caespitose. Leaves linear to oblanceolate or obovate, entire, (15-) 30-90 (-130) x4-10 (-17) mm, those of previous year larger. Axillary rays many. Ray-leaves like the upper cauline; raylet-leaves suborbicular-deltate, usually connate in pairs at the base. Rays usually 10-20, generally twice forked, up to 4 times dichotomous. Glands variable, generally emarginate with short or long horns. Capsules 4-7 x 5-6 mm, deeply sulcate, smooth, densely villous. Seeds 2.5-3.5 (-3.8) mm, ovoid, silver-grey.

Flowering in: Jan-Mar.

Life Form

N.Ph

Phytochoria

MED. The native range of this species is Medit.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: (4 km) E. El-Merj, along the sothern road (15 km) S.W. Massah 1967 Shahat 1973 (55 km) E. of Baida 1975 Wadi El-Kauf, Shahat, (22 km) E. of Labrag to Derna, Ain Mara 1978 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 Wadi El-Akar, Wadi Algharega, Qandulah, Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, Wadi El-Kouf 2011 Shahat old city 2017 Wadi Derna 2017 Ain Mara 2020

Notes

Wild in Libya.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346016-1

Link of images: https://www.maltawildplants.com/EUPH/Euphorbia_characias.php, http://plants.nature4stock.com/?page_id=435, https://www.wildflowersprovence.fr/plant/euphorbia-characias/, https://florealpes.com/fiche_euphorbechar.php

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346016-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/346016-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000961343, https://www.gbif.org/species/3067353, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/143024/euphorbia-characias-l, https://www.maltawildplants.com/EUPH/Euphorbia_characias.php, https://botany.cz/cs/euphorbia-characias/, https://florealpes.com/fiche_euphorbechar.php, http://plants.nature4stock.com/?page_id=435, https://www.wildflowersprovence.fr/plant/euphorbia-characias/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_characias

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 48.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

الغطاء النباتي في منطقة عين مارة بمنطقة الجبل الاخضر2020

Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna. 2017

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2017) Similarities between elevations in a rare species of some locations at Al- Jabal Al-Akhdar in Libya. International Journal of Environment ISSN 2077-4505.Volume: 06 Issue: 03 July-Sept. 2017, Page: 78-102. http://www.curresweb.com/ije/ije/2017/78-102.pdf

Abusaief, H.M.A. & Alwishish, F.M. (2017) Survey of endangered plants and description the seeds in some sites at Al-JabalAl-Akhdar of Libya. Curr. Sci. Int., 6 (3): 511-539, 2017 ISSN 2077-4435. http://www.curresweb.com/csi/csi/2017/511-539.pdf

Survey of endangered plants at Al-Jabal – Al-Akhdar of Libya 2017_compressed

Hegazyi, A.K., Boulos, L., Kabiel, H.F. and Sharashy, O.S. (2011) Vegetaion and species altitudinal distribution in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape, Libya. Pak. J. Bot., 43(4): 1885-1898, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hanan_Kabiel/publication/249011161_Vegetation_and_species_altitudinal_distribution_in_Al-Jabal_Al-Akhdar_landscape_Libya/links/58171d7c08ae90acb24128b9.pdf

VEGETATION AND SPECIES ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION IN AL-JABAL AL-AKHDAR. 2011

Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout

Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003