Euphorbia bivonae Steud.

General Appearance

Euphorbia bivonae Steud., it is a shrubby plant, which reaches a size of 1-1.5 m in height, with reddish, bare branches, the leaves at the top. The branches, if broken, secrete a white latex that is irritating to the skin. In the summer it appears in the form of leafless and skeletal bushes. During winter and spring it forms a ball with lanceolate leaves, with a glaucous green inner edge. The inflorescence is an umbel, with bracts similar to leaves and broadly ovate, obtuse, mucronate yellowish bracteoles. The fruit is a capsule about 4 mm long, usually covered with tubercles, enclosing the ovoid seed, about 3 mm long.

Flowering in: Jan-Apr.

Life Form

N.Ph

Phytochoria

MED. The native range of this species is N. Africa, Kriti, Malta, W. Sicilia, Sinai.

Distribution in Libya

Benghazi Plain: Wadi El-Ghattara 2010

Jabal Nafusa: Al-Ghazaya To Wazen 1977 Ain Zarga, near Jado 1970,1978 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Wadi El-Haula, (8 km) from Shahat on the Susa road, Wadi Wardama 1939 S.E. Barce 1958 Wadi El-Hassien, along the coastal road, Ras El-Hilal-Shahat, Wadi Derna 1967 Slonta 1973 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019

Marmarica Plateau: Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2004

Notes

Wild in Libya.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345797-1

Link of images: https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_euphorbiabivonae.php https://www.gbif.org/taxon/3CN3N

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:345797-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/345797-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000961007, https://www.gbif.org/taxon/3CN3N, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/142996/euphorbia-bivonae-steud, https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_euphorbiabivonae.php

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 25.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71

Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Le Houerou H.N. (2004) Plant diversity in Marmarica (Libya and Egypt). A catalogue of the vascular plants reported with their biology, distribution, frequency, usage, economic potential, habitat, and main ecological features, with an extensive bibliography. Candollea. 59:259–308. https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/HN-le-Houerou-62785096

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).