Silene succulenta Forssk.

Common Name: Ghassul.
Family: Caryophyllaceae

General Appearance

Silene succulenta Forssk. / Infraspecifics: Silene succulenta ssp. corsica (DC.) Nyman, it is a perennial, basally woody, up 1to0 40 cm tall, fleshy herb densely beset with viscid sand adherent glandular papilla-like hairs. Stem diffusely branched from the base, branches articulate, procumbent or ascending. Leaves sessile, obovate or oblanceolate-oblong to lanceolate, 10-40 x 5-15 (-20) mm, shortly connate-vaginate at the base, ciliate on margins, obtuse or subacute at the apex, fleshy. Flowers white or pinkish-white, c. 1.5-1.8 cm across, shortly pedunculate; pedicellate, pedicels up to 1 cm long, elongated in fruit, solitary or paired in axils of lanceolate leafy bracts, forming a raceme-like inflorescence. Calyx tube oblong-cylindrical at anthesis, 1.5-2.0 cm long, ± umbilicate-clavate in fruit, 10-nerved, nerves greenish or reddish glandular-hairy: teeth lanceolate or subulate, 5-6 (-8) mm long, acute, ciliate. Petal limb obovate to obovate-oblong, 2-fid to c. 1̸3-1̸2, c. 1 cm long, white with pinkish-tinge; claws long exserted, white, strap-shaped, c. 20-25 mm long; coronal scales broadly ovate, conspicuously toothed. Stamens 10, filaments glabrous; anthers oblong, 1.5-1.8 mm long, brown. Ovary oblong, c. .5 mm long, glabrous; stipe c. 8 mm long, densely villous; styles 3, filiform, c. twice as long as the ovary. Capsule oblong, slightly longer than the deflexed-hairy carpophore. Seeds rounded-reniform, c. 1 mm long, ± smooth or finely striate, brown.

Life Form

Ch

Phytochoria

MED. The native range of this species is S. & E. Medit. to S. Transcaucasus and Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:  (10,20 km) E. of Tripoli 1966  Sabratha 1967  Talil, (11 km) from Sabratha 1976  Aulad Mohammed 1977  Sabrata 2008  Sabratha region 2020     Coastal of Tripoli 2020

Zliten-Misurata Plain:  Liptis Magna 1967,1975   Kaam area 2005  Misurata 2006,2008  Leptus Magna 2017  Zliten coast 2022

Sirte Plains:  Sirte 2015,2016

Benghazi Plain:  Dariana 1972  Zweitina area (Sandy beach) 2016  Beach sand dunes in Karkurah 2023

Jabal Nafusa:  Ras El-Mesan 1972

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:  Sidi Abu-Ras 2017  Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020

Marmarica Plateau:  Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930  From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999   Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002

Notes

Wild in Libya. A common in maritime sands. The plant parts, particularly roots, contain considerable quantity of saponine, and are used as detergent for washing wool in the past.

This species is accepted:  https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:158472-1

Link of images:    https://flora.org.il/en/plants/silsuc/, https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/8607.htmlhttps://www.ksanature.com/plants/silene_succulenta/

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Caryophyllaceae Vol. (59) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 83.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Alteerah, M.A., El-Barasi, Y.M., Ali Alwerfally, A. (2023) Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area, east of Libya. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726), 11(X), 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah

Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area. 2023

El-karnawdy, F.O.M., Abogmiza, A.F.M., Alsouyid, H.M.M., Ajaj. K.A.K. (2022) Floristic composition of Zygophyllum coccineum L. Associates in Zliten coast, Libya. 5th International African conference on current studies. February 2-5, 2022 Cairo, Egypt.

Floristic composition of Zygophyllum coccineum L. Associates in Zliten coast. 2022

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The First Issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdfhttps://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.

Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131

Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. 2020

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .

El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326461390_aalkhdr_baljbl_bwras_sydy_bmntqt_alnbaty_alghta_drast-lybya

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة سيدي بوراس –الجبل الاخضر 2017

Daidah AM, Mugassby MF (2016) Study of the vegetation of coastal sand dune in Zwaitina area. Eastern Libya. Proceeding of the Fourth Scientific Conference of Environment and Sustainable Development in the Arid and Semi- Arid Regions (ICESD); 2016 Nov 20–22; Ajdabiya (Libya); p. 857–864 (In Arabic).

Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf

Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya. 2016

Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf

Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. 2015

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008) Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008)

El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).

EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. -: 198 – under: Silene succulenta var. cryptantha Pamp. https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica

 

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