Flora

Scabiosa arenaria Forssk.

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Flowering Time: Mar-May.

General Appearance

Scabiosa arenaria Forssk., it is an annual herb, up to (10-) 20-30 cm tall, pubescent, leafy, somewhat caulescent or slender herbaceous annual. Basal leaves (2-) 2.5-3 (-4) cm long, obovate, tapering into a petiole, margin entire or obtuse, ± persistent in the fruiting stage. Cauline leaves (1.5) 2-4 (-4.5) cm long, all pinnatipartite; lobes elliptic-oblong, acute, terminal lobe tripartite. Flowers (violet, whitish violet, light violet, lilac, lavender, mauve, bluish-mauve, pale blue, light blue, pale mauve, lavender-blue, pink-violet). Involucral bracts 5-6 (7-) 8-12 (-16) mm long, linear-oblong, entire, acute, shorter or c. as long as the outer flowers; palea linear. (2-) 3-3.5 (-4) mm long, acute. Heads radiate, 20-50 mm in diam.; sub spherical to oblong in fruits. Involucel tube cup-shaped, (1-) 1.5-2 (-3) mm long. 8-ribbed; base hispid; corona equal to the involucel body, cupuliform; ribs of the involucel body continuous in the corona, joining at margin with an enrolled, undulated, 0.5 mm wide, whitish membrane, the outer side of the juncture dense hairy; diaphragm conical; setae of the calyx 5.6-10 mm long, on (4-) 5-6 (-7) mm long stipe, a few glandular hairs at the base, rest scabrid. Corolla of the marginal florets (11-) 12-17 (19) mm.

Life Form

Phytochoria

MED. The native range of this species is S. & E. Medit.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain: Tripoli 1939 Tripoli, Sidi Musa, (17 km) S. of Tripoli 1946 Between Tripoli and Sebrath 1970 Wadi El-Mejenin,(31 km) from Tripoli 1974 Sabrata 2008 El-Zawia 2015 Research station of Agriculture faculties 2017 Researches Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tripoli 2021

Zliten-Misurata Plain: Misurata 1960 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006,2008 Zliten (Wadi EL-Zekr) 2022

Sirte Plains: Between Sirte and Nofilia 1939 Sirte 1958, 1972

Benghazi Plain: Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Beach sand dunes in Karkurah 2021

Jabal Nafusa: Gharian 1939,1960 Gebel Nafousa, Yefren to Jado 1970, 1971 Kaleba 1972 El-Beheria, between Gharian and Aboghilan 1973 Aboghilan, Al Awenia, Tagma,(5 km) from Yefren, Saffet, on way to Wadi Takoot, Kaleba, Abozian (2 km) before Kaleba 1974 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata (Shaafien) 2017 Tarhuna (Hejaz, Msaaed, Terghlat) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Wadi Kaam (Dam & lake) 2022

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Tokra to El-Merj, Above Derna to Martuba 1970 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 S. AL-Marj 2011 Al-Mansora 2013 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Haboon 2015 Wadi Derna 2017 From Nuqrat Said to Wadi Al-Zagzoog, From Zawiet Tamula to Al-Manarh, From Lustata to Beshtaya 2019

Notes

Wild in Libya.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319708-1

Link of images: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319708-1, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cbdv.201600028

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319708-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/319708-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000500199, https://www.gbif.org/species/4103352, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/142782/sixalix-arenaria-forssk-greuter-burdet, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cbdv.201600028, https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000779040, https://www.selinawamucii.com/plants/caprifoliaceae/scabiosa-arenaria/

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Dipsacaceae Vol. (56) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 10.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Alteerah, M.A., El-Barasi, Y.M., Ali Alwerfally, A. (2023) Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area, east of Libya. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726), 11(X), 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah

Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area. 2023

Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya, https://jbes.journals.ekb.eg/article_372060_558ee8095e2cf97881a8a3cc705aa126.pdf

Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya.2022

El-Karnawdy, F.O.M. & Swaisy, A.S.M. (2022) Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. Middle East International Conference on Contemporary Scientific Studies-VII-Beirut Arab University, Lebanon-March 3-4, 2022. https://www.middleeastconference.org/conference-books

Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. 2022

Al-Sghair, F.G. and Mahklouf, M.H. (2021) Vegetation Survey for Vascular Plants of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. Species. Vol.22 (69), 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/A1.pdf

Vegetation Survey of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. 2021

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Bishtaya in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj-University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339238955_tsnyf_alghta_alnbaty_wtwzyh_aljghrafy_fy_almntqt_almmtdt_ma_byn_alhnyt_wwady_alzqzwq_shmala_hty_lstath_wbshtaya_jnwba_aljbl_alakhdr_shrq_lybya

Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html

Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018

Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna. 2017

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .

Nasif, M. A., Al-Ganoni, A. M., Knotch, O. M., Nafees. A. A. (2017) Survey of weeds in the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture-University of Tripoli. Libyan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, No. (1) Vol (22) p. (35-46). (In Arabic).

مسح الحشائش في محطة ابحاث كلية الزراعة – جامعة طرابلس. 2017

Al-Fiqi, Abd al-Salam M., Abul-Qasim, R. (2015) Inventory of the vegetation cover surrounding Al-Zawiya University. The Libyan Journal of Science Volume 18, 2014/2015 .(In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/issue/view/24

حصرالغطاء النباتى المحيط بجامعة الزاوية. 2015

El-Rabiai, G.T. & Al tira, M. (2015) Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8-9): Aug-Sep, 2015:4661-4665] Coden (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292919013_Checklist_of_the_Flora_of_Wadi_Haboonat_AI_Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboonat AI Jabal AI Akhdar. 2015

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf

Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar. 2013

Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief

Foristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf

FLORA AND VEGETATION ON SOUTH EL-MARJ ZONE SOUTH EL-JABAL EL-AKHADAR.2011

El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71

Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008).

El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. -: 427 – under: Scabiosa rhizantha Viv., 428 – under: Scabiosa rhizantha var. ochroleuca Batt. https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica

PAMPANINI, R. (1914). Piantae Tripolitanae, ab auctore anno 1913 […] – Firenze: 237 – under: Scabiosa arenaria Forssk.