Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk.

Common Name: Ramram.
Family: Boraginaceae
Flowering Time: Nov-Mar

General Appearance

Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. // Infraspecifics: Heliotropium bacciferum ssp. bacciferum / Heterotypic Synonyms: Heliotropium undulatum Vahl, it is a perennial undershrub with woody and short branches at the base, covered with short tuberculate. somewhat spreading hairs. Lower leaves shortly petiolate. Upper leaves sessile, 10-20 (-25) x (1-) 2-3 (-6) mm, lanceolate, with a revolute margin, nerves inconspicuous. Inflorescence 20-50 mm, lax with ebracteate sessile flowers. Calyx 2.5-3 mm long, lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, persistent, Corolla (White, white with yellow throat), almost as long as the calyx or slightly longer, tube ventricose with a constricted throat, limb erect with ovate lobes. Anthers, oblong, sub sessile, inserted almost in the middle of corolla tube. Stigma conical, Style almost equaling the stigma. Nutlets 4 glabrous, with carinated or liberated margin, c. 2×1 mm, plano convex.

Life Form

Ch

Phytochoria

SA+SZ+IT. The native range of this species is NE. Africa to NW. India, Comoros, SW. Madagascar.

Distribution in Libya

Zliten-Misurata Plain:  (3 km) before Misurata 1977 Kaam area 2005  Misurata (Sassu Valley) 2016

Sirte Plains:  (91 km) W. of Bugrain, Tawargha 1977  (15 km) before Ras Lanuf 1978

Benghazi Plain:  Wadi El-Enaghar 2021

Jabal Nafusa:  Shakshuk 1972

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:  Sidi Abu-Ras 2017

Marmarica Plateau:  Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930  (255 km) from Tobruk to Al-Jaghbub, 1975   Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002

Al-Qibla area:  Wadi Nesma region 2009

Al-Jufra area:  Wadi Soda (98,100 km) from Hun, Wadi Atiq, (150 km) from Wegha 1973  (52 km) from Bugrain to Hun, (7 km) from Hun to Sebha, (31,43 km) from Weshka, (87,149 km) from Bu-Njim  1975  EL-Jufra 2018

Ghat area:   Ghat (Between Acacus and Tassili Mountains) 2004  Wadi Tanezzuft 2012

Jabal Al-Uwinat:  Gebel Uweinat 1968   Jabal Al-Uweinat region 2008

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1979) Flora of Libya, Boraginaceae Vol. (68) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 63.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf

Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. 2021.-مضغوط

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

EL-Barasi,Y.M., Bader, B.M., Barrani. M.W., EL-Hashani, N.M. and Alamrouni, A.O. (2018) Ecological studies on EL-Jufra Desert Depression., https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasihttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/323990883_Ecological_studies_On_EL-Jufra_Desert_Depression

Ecological studies on EL-Jufra Desert Depression. 2018

El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326461390_aalkhdr_baljbl_bwras_sydy_bmntqt_alnbaty_alghta_drast-lybya

دراسة الغطاء النباتي بمنطقة سيدي بوراس –الجبل الاخضر 2017

Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K. E. (2016) Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area, Libya. Al-satil Vol. 10 No. 15 March 2016. (In Arabic) https://search.mandumah.com/Record/813441

Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area. 2016

Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A. (2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012) https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259357995_Checklist_and_life_forms_of_plant_species_in_contrasting_climatic_zones_of_Libya

Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. 2012

Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Alzwai, A.M.H. (2008) A study of the vegetation covers of the Jabal Al-Uweinat region in Libya. Master Thesis – Botany Department – College of Science – Garyounis University – Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

Ahmidat, Gh. (2004) Study of the vegetation cover of the area between the Acacus Mountains and the Tassili Mountains (Ghat). Master Thesis. Department of Botany.College of Science. Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).

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