General Appearance
Echium sabulicola Pomel, it is a biennial herbaceous plant, either prostrate or erect, reaching up to 50 cm in height. The stems and leaves are covered in white bristles. The leaves are entire and lanceolate. The inflorescence, a scorpioid cyme, is initially coiled upon itself, gradually unfurling as the flowers develop towards its tip. The flowers are reddish or bluish-purple. The gamosepalous calyx measures about 10 mm in the flower and 15 mm in the fruit, and its sepals are covered with white bristles. The corolla is zygomorphic, funnel-shaped, and open, lacking obturating scales, and measures about 25 mm in length, (petal, violet blue, violet, bluish-pink pink, red turning blue on drying). The androecium consists of five stamens fused to the corolla, two or three of which extend beyond it; the staminal filaments are reddish and the anthers bluish. The gynoecium has a gynobasic style and the stigma is bifid. The fruit consists of four single-seeded nutlets, inserted by their larger base around the style.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Sabrataha 1967
Zliten-Misurata Plain: Misurata 2006
Benghazi Plain: Wadi El Ghattara 2010 Beach sand dunes in Karkurah 2023
Jabal Nafusa: Gebel Nafousa at Ain Zarga Jado 1970 Abughilan 1972 Sarshara 1976 Msallata (Shaafien) 2017 Tarhuna (Hejaz) 2018 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020 Wadi Kaam (Dam & lake, Main course, Headwaters) 2022
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Wadi Derna 1967 Shahat 1970 Tocra 1973 Al-Gareeb, Wadi Mahbool 1978 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 Al-Mansora 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 Ain Mara 2020
Marmarica Plateau: Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002
Al-Qibla area: Wadi Nesma region 2009
Notes
Wild in Libya.
Link of images: https://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/Boraginaceae/Echium_sabulicola.htm, https://www.maltawildplants.com/BORG/Echium_sabulicola.php, http://www.apatita.com/herbario/especie.php?id=Echium_sabulicola, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-France/Borraginaceae/Echium%20sabulicola/Echium-sabulicola.html
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115877-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/115877-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000663049 , https://www.gbif.org/species/7295578, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/132599/echium-sabulicola-pomel, https://www.maltawildplants.com/BORG/Echium_sabulicola.php, https://www.florandalucia.es/index.php/angiospermas-dicotiledoneas/boraginaceas/echium-sabulicola, https://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/Boraginaceae/Echium_sabulicola.htm, http://www.apatita.com/herbario/especie.php?id=Echium_sabulicola, https://botany.cz/cs/echium-sabulicola/, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-France/Borraginaceae/Echium%20sabulicola/Echium-sabulicola.html, https://www.floravascular.com/index.php?spp=Echium%20sabulicola
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1979) Flora of Libya, Boraginaceae Vol. (68) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 47.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Alteerah, M.A., El-Barasi, Y.M., Ali Alwerfally, A. (2023) Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area, east of Libya. Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726), 11(X), 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah
Vegetation cover composition and seed bank study of beach sand dunes in Karkurah coastal area. 2023
Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya, https://jbes.journals.ekb.eg/article_372060_558ee8095e2cf97881a8a3cc705aa126.pdf
Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya.2022
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2
الغطاء النباتي في منطقة عين مارة بمنطقة الجبل الاخضر2020
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020
El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html
Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018
Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha
التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf
Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014
Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief
Foristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar 2013
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71
Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010
Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya
Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط
El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).
Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. – : 382 – under: Echium confusum Coincy https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica
PAMPANINI, R. (1914). Piantae Tripolitanae, ab auctore anno 1913 […] – Firenze: 196 – under: Echium confusum var. bracteatum Sommier
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