Flora

Echinops spinosissimus Turra

Family: Asteraceae

General Appearance

Echinops spinosissimus Turra // Infraspecifics: Echinops spinosissimus ssp. spinosissimus / Heterotypic Synonyms: Echinops spinosus L., it is a perennial with sub woody, thickened, much branched perenating root. Stems annual, (10-) 30-80 cm, simple or branched above, densely arachnoid-tomentose and glandular hairy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate in outline, 1-2 pinnatisect, with simple glandular hairs above, white-tomentose. sometimes glandular hairy on the veins beneath; segments triangular to broadly lanceolate, with short, slender marginal spines and an apical spine up to 5 mm, Pseudo capitulum 3.5-7 cm in diam, greyish to greenish or greenish-blue, with few yellow spines. Involucre 15-40 mm include, length of spine; outer setae equaling or slightly shorter than the outermost involucral bract. Involucral bracts 20. Outer most involucral bracts 6 x 0.5 mm, linear-spathulate, glabrous except near the apex bearded, sharply and abruptly mucronate, margin near the apex with 3-4 pairs of lateral teeth. Involucral bracts of 2nd row 7-9 x 2 mm, broadly lanceolate to spathulato-lanceolate, acute-acuminate, glabrous except near the apex at the margins, margins in the distal half serrate. Involucral bracts of 3rd row 10-14 x 2 mm, lanceolate, glabrous, subulate distally or drawn into a long spine; spine up to twice as long as the capitulum. Involucral bract of the 4th row 16-18 x 2 mm, lanceolate, distally subulate, margins entire. Inner most involucral bract 12-14 x 2 mm, oblong-linear, connate in the basal one third, glabrous, margins in the distal half weakly serrulate; apex fimbriate. Florets pale blue or white. Cypsela oblong; pappus setae connate at the base.

Life Form

Phytochoria

MED+SA. The native range of this species is E. Medit. to W. Iran and Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:

Sabrata 2008 Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli 2016 Sabratha region 2020 Coastal of Tripoli 2020 Researches Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Tripoli 2021

Zliten-Misurata Plain:

Leptus Megna 1974 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2008 Misurata( Sassu Valley) 2016 Wadi Kaam (Estuary) 2022 Zliten (Wadi EL-Zekr) 2022

Sirte Plains:

Sirte 2015, 2016 Wadi Soofejeen 2017

Benghazi Plain:

Benina road, (10 km) from Benghazi 1977 Qaminas to Ajdabia (Slouk plain) 2006 Zweitina area (Sandy beach) 2016

Jabal Nafusa:

Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Wlaad Hammad) 2018 Wadi Kaam (Main course, Headwaters) 2022

Marmarica Plateau:

Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930

Al-Qibla area:

Wadi Nesma region 2009

Notes

Wild in Libya.

Link of images: https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id788626/, https://botany.cz/cs/echinops-spinosissimus/, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/echspi/. http://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/Compositae/Echinops_spinosissimus.htm

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:202681-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/202681-1, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000116034, https://www.gbif.org/species/5392840, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/100613/echinops-spinosissimus-turra, http://www.florasilvestre.es/mediterranea/Compositae/Echinops_spinosissimus.htm, https://biodiversitycyprus.blogspot.com/2015/07/echinops-spinosissimus-turra.html, https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id788626/, https://botany.cz/cs/echinops-spinosissimus/, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/echspi/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinops_spinosissimus

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1983) Flora of Libya, Asteraceae Vol. (107) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya, https://jbes.journals.ekb.eg/article_372060_558ee8095e2cf97881a8a3cc705aa126.pdf

Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya.2022

El-Karnawdy, F.O.M. & Swaisy, A.S.M. (2022) Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. Middle East International Conference on Contemporary Scientific Studies-VII-Beirut Arab University, Lebanon-March 3-4, 2022. https://www.middleeastconference.org/conference-books

Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. 2022

Al-Sghair, F.G. and Mahklouf, M.H. (2021) Vegetation Survey for Vascular Plants of Protected Area of the University of Tripoli-Libya. Species. Vol.22 (69), 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf , http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/A1.pdf http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n69/index.htm

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.

Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131

Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html

Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .

Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K. E. (2016) Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area, Libya. Al-satil Vol. 10 No. 15 March 2016. https://search.mandumah.com/Record/813441

Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area. 2016

Daidah AM, Mugassby MF (2016) Study of the vegetation of coastal sand dune in Zwaitina area. Eastern Libya. Proceeding of the Fourth Scientific Conference of Environment and Sustainable Development in the Arid and Semi- Arid Regions (ICESD); 2016 Nov 20–22; Ajdabiya (Libya); p. 857–864 (In Arabic).

Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf

Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya. 2016

Mahklouf, M. H. &Al Sghair, F. G. (2016) Biodiversity and Floristic Study of Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli-Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Original Article, pag. (101-103).Jul 2016, Volume 4, Issue 3, DOI: 10.21859/ajlsr-040307. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fathi-Al-Sghair

Biodiversity and Floristic Study of Al-Hdaba Treatment Plant Tripoli–Libya. 2016

Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf

Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. 2015

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008).

El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Maghrabi A.S.S. (2006) Study of the vegetation and seed bank of the zone of Ghaminis and Agedabia (Slouk plain), Master of Science Thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Graduated Studies, Benghazi Branch, Libya, 2006. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).