Periploca angustifolia Labill.

Common Name: Hallab.
Family: Apocynaceae
Flowering Time: Mar-May.

General Appearance

Periploca angustifolia Labill. / Homotypic Synonyms: Periploca laevigata ssp. angustifolia (Labill.) Markgr., it is a woody shrub, up to 3 m tall, branches short rigid, the upper ones sometimes lax and twining. Leaves opposite or clustered, sub sessile, oblong to elliptic linear, 1-3.5 cm x 2-6 mm, entire, acute or obtuse, glabrous. Cymes terminal or axillary, few flowered. Corolla c. 1.0 cm in diameter, greenish outside, purple-yellow and whitish inside with a woclly spot near the middle. Awns of corona deflexed. Follicles 5-8.5 cm long, smooth. Seeds 6-7 mm long.

Life Form

N.Ph

Phytochoria

MED. The native range of this species is Mauritania to N. Africa, SE. Spain, Sicilia, Kriti, Syria.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:

Bir-Ayad 2013  Jafara Plain (Wadi Ghado) 2015

Zliten-Misurata Plain:

Kaam area 2005

Sirte Plains:

Tmed El-Mlaghi, Bugrain 1966

Benghazi Plain:

Benghazi 1916, 1922  Ajdabia (Al-Jaledia) 2017

Jabal Nafusa:

Tarhuna, Wadi Msaaba, Misallata, Gharian 1913 Mizda 1951  (23 km) W. of Khoms 1970  Wadi Malah, (10 km) from Nalut 1972  El-Kleba, (30 km) from Gharian, El-Neggiza 1974  Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008  Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013  Jabal Nafusa (Wadi El-Watiah), Abughilan 2016  Msallata (Shaafien) 2017  Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:

Tocra to Bakur 1933  Wadi Derna 1926  Tocra to Bakur 1933  Tocra, Tolmeta 1958, Shahat 1939  Wadi El-Teir W.Derna 1967  Shahat to Susa 1970  El-kouf area 1984 Wadi Al-Agar 1999  Wadi Zaza 2003  Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007   Valley Jarjr-oma 2013  Wadi El-Kouf 2014   Susa-Derna 2016 Wadi Al-Agar 2017  Assdod, Wadi Al-Aesh 2018  Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019  From Nuqrat Said to Wadi Al-Zagzoog, From Zawiet Tamula to Al-Manarh, From Lustata to Beshtaya 2019 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021

Marmarica Plateau:

Tobruk 1918  Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930  El-Razem 1933  (30 km) before Al Tamimi to Tobruk 1975  From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999  Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002  Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008

Al-Qibla area:

Wadi Soffajenr, near Mizda 1951  Wadi Nesma region 2009  Wadis South of Mizda 2013

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Ali, S.I. & Jafri, S. M. H. (1977) Flora of Libya, Asclepiadaceae Vol. (9) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Pashtota in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj- University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/95, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

Mubarak, A. M.A., Lashhab, S. R. H. (2018) Charcoal manufacturing and its impact on the deterioration of vegetation cover in the area between Merad Massoud and Asdos in Al Jabal Al Akhdar-eastern Libya. Journal of Science and Human Studies-Al-Marj-Issue 58 – 15 / November 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb

Bou-Gharsa, Saleh, A. & Al Sheikhi, S. K. (2017) A study on the diversity of vegetation covers in El-Beidan and El-Glidaya protected areas in Ajdabiya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/salh-alshykhy, https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/salh-tyt-bwghrst-2320557670, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343934906_drast_hwl_tnw_alghta_alnbaty_bmhmyty_albydan_w_aljlydayh_bmdynt_ajdabya

Al-Aib, M.A., El- Sherif, M., Al-Hamedi, R.I. (2017) Floristic and ecological investigation of Wadi Al-Agar in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya, Science & its applications 5:1 (2017) 57-61. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Alaib

Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust, L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya. Journal of Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue4, pp 741-761|. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2, https://journal.hep.com.cn/jfr/EN/10.1007/s11676-016-0345-8

Abu Hadra, M. N. & Harkat, Z. M. (2015) A taxonomic study of the components of vegetation cover and notes on the environmental impact of Wadi Ghado in the Jafara Plain region in Libya. Professor magazine-Issue 8-University of Tripoli.(In Arabic) https://uotpa.org.ly/alostath/index.php/alostath/issue/view/8

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375.  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf

Al-Daik, J. H., Khaled, R. A., Dawood, N. (2013). Effect of Protection on Some Characteristics of Plant Coverage in Pasture of Bir Ayyad Area-Libya. Journal of Damascus University for Agricultural Sciences (2013) Volume (29) Issue 1 Pages: 283-298. (in Arabic) http://www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/mag/farm/images/stories/283-298.pdf

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna Region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental Engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic).

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (in Arabic).

ACSAD (1984) Wadi Al-Kouf National Park Studies Project. Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands.

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