Pallenis hierichuntica (Michon) Greuter

Common Name: Musmaruta, Mismar-ota.
Family: Asteraceae
Flowering Time: Mar-May.

General Appearance

Pallenis hierichuntica (Michon) Greuter / Homotypic Synonyms:  Asteriscus hierichunticus (Michon) Wiklund / Heterotypic Synonyms: Asteriscus pygmaeus (DC.) Coss. & Durieu, it is an annual, branched or unbranched, hairy, odorous, when branched the branches 2-10 cm long, prostrate; hairs appressed. with bulbouse base. Leaves of the rosette (4-) 5-7.5 x 1-1.5 cm, oblanceolate to spathulate, obtuse, entire, narrowed into a petiole. Cauline leaves 3-6 x 1-1.5 cm. spathulate, narrowed to a long, slender, flattened petiole. Capitula (10-) 15-22 mm in diameter (including ray floret); solitary, terminal or sessile in the angles between the bifurcation of branches; when terminal, the peduncle slightly dialated below the capitulum densely hairy. Involucral bracts of the 1st. row 16-22 mm long. oblong. usually with a constriction or narrowed in the middle; part below the narrowed region usually coriaceous. toughened at maturity, brownish-green, silky hairy at the back; rest of the part above the narrowed region ± foliaceous, soft, dark green, silky hairy on the back withering away and falling off at maturity; narrowed area hairy all around; all hairs soft, whitish, long with bulbouse bases, appressed; Involucral bracts of the 2nd. row 10-15 mm long. similar tin shape and texture of the preceding involucral bracts. Involucral bracts of 3rd. row 7-11 mm long. broadly ovate-oblong, acute, coriaceous, margins hairy in the upper part and papillate in the lower part; hairy near the apex on both surfaces; midnerve hairy throughout on the back. Palea 3.25 x 1.75 mm, membranous, oblong, obtuse, slightly concave, margins in the upper half minutely ciliate. Ray florets (10-) 12-15, 1-seriate, yellow; corolla 4.5-6.5 x 1.25-2.25 mm (including basal tube 1I mm and lobes 0.25-0.5), 3-lobed; basal tube slightly compressed and laterally weakly 2-wingcd, hairy all over; ligule with 2 distinct, hairy ribs on the back; ovary 1.25-1.5 mm long, weakly triquetrous, densely silky hairy, pappose; pappus scaly; scales 7-8, 0.5-0.75 (1) mm long, oblong, sharply mucroaristate. Disc florets many, yellow; corolla (2-) 2.5-3 mm. tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed; tube in the lower half slightly compressed, hairy; lobes 0.75 mm long, acute; ovary 1 mm long. ± obconical, terete, silky hairy; pappus scaly; scales similar to those on the ray floret.

Life Form

Th

Phytochoria

SA+IT. The native range of this species is Canary Islands (Fuerteventura) to Pakistan and Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution in Libya

Zliten-Misurata Plain:  Kaam area 2005  Misurata 2006

Sirte Plains:  Between Misurata to Sirte, in desert (62km) W. of Al-Buyirat 1939   Sirte 2016

Jabal Nafusa:  Gharian, Al-Orban, Wadi Brock 1960   Gebel Nafousa, Ain Zarga 1970  Wadi Malah, (10 km) from Nalut 972  Janduba, (13 km) from Gharian 1973  (37 km) from Kaleb to Mizda 1974   Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008  Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013  Shaaffeen (Msellata) 2016  Wadi Kaam 2017  Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020  Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:  Wadi Al-Agar 1999  Wadi El-Kouf 2014

Marmarica Plateau:  Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930   Al-Tamimi to Omm Rezem 1970  Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002

Al-Qibla area:  Wadi Nesma region 2009  Wadis South of Mizda 2013

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1983) Flora of Libya, Asteraceae Vol. (107) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .

Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf

Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya. 2016

Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust,L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya. Journal of  Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue 4, pp 741–761. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-016-0345-8, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375.  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

Bahri, N.M. (2009) Study of the vegetation covers of Wadi Nesma region, northwest of Libya. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, College of Science, Sebha University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).

PAMPANINI, R. (1931). Prodromo della Flora Cirenaica. – : 439 – under: Asteriscus pygmaeus (DC.) Coss. & Durieu  https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/14218-prodromo-della-flora-cirenaica

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