Conium maculatum L.

Common Name: Shawkaran
Family: Apiaceae
Flowering Time: Apr-Jul.

General Appearance

Conium maculatum L., it is a biennial or perennial herb, erect, almost glabrous, up to 0.5-2.5 m tall, fusiform rooted, with unpleasant mousy smell when bruised. Basal leaves on 15-60 cm long, petioles, broadly triangular, usually 30-50x 15-25 (-30) cm, (2-)3 (-4)-pinnatisect into ovate or oblong lobes with oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-20 x 2-7 mm, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite, acute, ultimate segments; upper leaves similar but sub sessile or nearly sessile with linear ultimate segments. Umbels 8-20, rayed, ± flat or convex, on leaf-opposed and terminal, 4-8 cm long peduncles; rays patent or erect,1-2.5 cm long, unequal. Bracts mostly 4-5, leafy, lanceolate-ovate, 2-3 x 1-1.5 mm, scarious margined, deflexed, caducous. Umbcllules 12-20-flowered. Pediccls c. 3 mm long at flowering stage. elongated up to c. 1 cm or more in fruit. Bracteoles 3-6, akin to bracts, 2-6 x 1-3 mm, connate at the base, shorter than the fruiting pedicels. Petals broadly obovate, 1-1.5 mm long and broad, emarginate at apices. Anthers ovoid-oblong, yellow. Fruit broadly ovoid to sub globose, 2.5-4 x 2-3 mm, greyish-brown; mericarps ± arcuate when ripe, dorsally rounded, with 5, prominent, pallid ribs.

Life Form

Ch

Phytochoria

S-Cosm. The native range of this species is Europe to Xinjiang and W. Himalaya, N. Africa to Ethiopia.

Distribution in Libya

Jabal Nafusa:

Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhader:

El-Merj 1978  Wadi El-Kouf 2014  Wadi Haboon 2015  Wadi Jarjar-Omma 2017  Ain Mara 2020  Wadi Al-Kouf 2021

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1985) Flora of Libya, Apiaceae Vol. (117) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. (In Arabic) https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122,  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://zenodo.org/records/3931997, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas,P.A., ELMogasapi, A.(2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192.  https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/

El-Rabiai, G.T. & Al tira, M. (2015) Checklist of the Flora of Wadi Haboon at AI Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences 6(8-9): Aug-Sep, 2015:4661-4665] Coden (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Munay-Alteerah https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292919013_Checklist_of_the_Flora_of_Wadi_Haboonat_AI_Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375.  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

 

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