Flora

Centaurea calcitrapa L., it is a biennial plant of 20-60 cm, erect, very branched, with spreading branches, becoming glabrescent. Basal leaves pinnatipartite. The cauline ones rough, punctate, pinnatisect, with almost linear segments with a subulate tip. Mediocre capitula, solitary, surrounded by floral leaves, in a vast panicle. Ovoid involucre with bracts ending in a robust spine, channeled inwardly at the base, very spreading, accompanied by short basal spinules. Purplish flowers all equal.  Fruit a cypsela, oblong to obovate, compressed, cross-section elliptic, 2.5–3.5 mm long x 1.5–2 mm wide x 0.9–1 mm thick. Surface typically glabrous, dull to shiny, gray with various amounts of brown mottling and thin striping. Pappus none.

Al-Jafarah Plain:

Research station of Agriculture faculties 2017

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:

El-kouf area 1984  Wadi El-Kouf 2016

Wild in Libya ????? weed.

Link of images:  https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/centaurea/calcitrapa/,  https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/asteraceae/centaurea-calcitrapa, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/centaurea_calcitrapa.htm, https://idtools.org/id/weed-tool/key/GrapeSeedKey/Media/Html/fact_sheets/Cen-cal.html

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330052-2,  https://www.ipni.org/n/330052-2,   http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000137211,  https://www.gbif.org/species/3128483,    https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/100865/centaurea-calcitrapa-l,    https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/237.html,   https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/asteraceae/centaurea-calcitrapa,  https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/centaurea/calcitrapa/,  https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/centaurea_calcitrapa.htm,  https://idtools.org/id/weed-tool/key/GrapeSeedKey/Media/Html/fact_sheets/Cen-cal.html,  https://www.floravascular.com/index.php?spp=Centaurea%20calcitrapa,  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurea_calcitrapa