Atriplex halimus L.

Common Name: Gatf
Family: Amaranthaceae
Flowering Time: Jan-Oct.
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General Appearance

Atriplex halimus L., it is a shrub, up to 1-2 meters, all silvery white, very branchy in bush, with erect branches; leaves alternate, persistent, oval-rhomboidal or oblong, attenuated in short petiole, entire, weakly veined; flowers yellowish, in elongated spikes forming a terminal panicle bare or a little leafy at the base; fruiting valves whitish, leathery, free, rounded in kidney, wider than high, entire, smooth, without veins; seed reddish.

Life Form

N.Ph

Phytochoria

MED+SA, The native range of this species is Macaronesia, Medit. to W. Iraq and NE. Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:

Tripoli 1977 Sabratha region 2020

Zliten-Misurata Plain:

Misurata 2006  Misurata (Sassu Valley) 2016  Zliten (Wadi EL-Zekr) 2022  Zliten coast 2022

Sirte Plains:

(2, 7 km) E. of Bugrain, (16 km) before Sirte, (28 km) after Al-Byayrat to Sirte 1977 Sirte 2015, 2016  Wadi Al-Hamar Region 2020

Benghazi Plain:

Slouk-Masus road 2000  Msus-Al-Ajramia zone 2004 Qaminas area,Al-Maqron area,Sidi Sultan area, Ajdabia region 2006  Zweitina area (Sandy beach) 2016  Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016  Ajdabia (Al-Jaledia)2017  Wadi El-Enaghar 2021

Jabal Nafusa:

Ginawon, Between Jado and Shakshuk 1976  Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013

Al-Jabal Al-Akhader:

(30 km) before Derna 1977  Birccess, Al-Dercya 2011 S.AL-Marj 2011  Wadi El-Kouf 2014  Wadi Derna 2017 From Nuqrat Said to Wadi Al-Zagzoog 2019  Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020

Marmarica Plateau:

Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930  (60 km) before Tobruk, Tobruk 1977  From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999  Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008

 

Notes

Wild in Libya, it grows on a variety of soils, from fine to coarse texture, with varying degrees of salinity. and occupies arid, saline sites. Throughout its distribution, A. halimus is exposed to high light intensity and temperature and varying degrees of drought and salinity; it can also withstand sub-zero winter temperatures or soil contamination by trace elements. Some of its physiological and biochemical tolerance mechanisms – such as adjustment of plant water relations – are common to all or several of these environmental stresses, but others are specific to particular stresses. The importance of A. halimus in the functioning of ecosystems is reflected in its promotion of soil biota, while it also acts as a food plant for mammals and arthropods. Its deep root system decreases soil erosion in arid zones, due to stabilisation of the soil. medicinal plant.

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Chenopodiaceae Vol. (58) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest:

El-Karnawdy, F.O.M. & Swaisy, A.S.M. (2022) Current status of floristic structure in Wadi EL-Zekr, Zliten City, Libya. Middle East International Conference on Contemporary Scientific Studies-VII-Beirut Arab University, Lebanon-March 3-4, 2022. https://www.middleeastconference.org/_files/ugd/614b1f_77fabd66c5054350a95423613bc913b6.pdfhttps://www.middleeastconference.org/conference-books

El-karnawdy, F.O.M., Abogmiza, A.F.M., Alsouyid, H.M.M., Ajaj. K.A.K. (2022) Floristic composition of Zygophyllum coccineum L. Associates in Zliten coast, Libya. 5th International African conference on current studies. February 2-5, 2022 Cairo, Egypt.

Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

Al-Amrouni, M,M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/index.php/april2020/, https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://zenodo.org/records/3830169,  https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Halima-M-Al-Khojah-2174960829, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Omar, N.O.I., Alaib, M.A., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Alzerbi, A.K. (2020) Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Science 6 (2), (2020) 20-24.  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar

Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Bishtaya in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj-University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/fdl-allh-altlhy

Ab-AzizaF.B., ElBarasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-JabalResearch article I Botany l Version 1.  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Bou-Gharsa, Saleh, A. & Al Sheikhi, S. K. (2017) A study on the diversity of vegetation covers in El-Beidan and El-Glidaya protected areas in Ajdabiya. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/salh-tyt-bwghrst-2320557670, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/salh-alshykhy

Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K. E. (2016) Geographical distribution and Life form of plants in Sassu Valley, Misurata area, Libya. Al-satil Vol. 10 No. 15 March 2016. https://search.mandumah.com/Record/813441

Daidah AM, Mugassby MF (2016) Study of the vegetation of coastal sand dune in Zwaitina area. Eastern Libya. Proceeding of the Fourth Scientific Conference of Environment and Sustainable Development in the Arid and Semi- Arid Regions (ICESD); 2016 Nov 20–22; Ajdabiya (Libya); p. 857–864 (In Arabic).

Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf

Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic)

EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146.  http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf

Hegazyi, A.K., Boulos, L., Kabiel, H.F. and Sharashy, O.S. (2011) Vegetaion and species altitudinal distribution in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape, Libya. Pak. J. Bot., 43(4): 1885-1898, 2011. https://scispace.com/papers/vegetation-and-species-altitudinal-distribution-in-al-jabal-1bhotekx5b

Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic)

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic)

Al-Maghrabi A.S.S. (2006) Study of the vegetation and seed bank of the zone of Ghaminis and Ajdabia (Slouk plain), Master of Science Thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Graduated Studies, Benghazi Branch, Libya, 2006. (In Arabic)

El-Jetlawi A.O.(2004) Study of vegetation and soil seed bank of a range desert zone (Msus-Al-Ajramia), Master of Science Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya (In Arabic)

El-Kady, H.F. (2000) Vegetation analysis along Sluk-Msus Road in southeastern Benghazi, Libya, El-Minia Scienve Bulletin, Volum. 13(1), pp.61-71. 2000.

Al-Habony MEE 1999. Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean Coast of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border. MSc. Thesis. Department of Botany. Faculty of Science. Benghazi University. Benghazi. Libya.

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