Flora

Amaranthus viridis L.

Common Name: Bu zinzir

Family: Amaranthaceae

Flowering Time: Feb-Nov

General Appearance

Amaranthus viridis L., Annual herb, erect or more rarely ascending, 10-75 (-100) cm. Stem rather slender, sparingly to considerably branched, angular, glabrous or more frequently increasingly hairy upwards (especially in the inflorescence) with short or longer and rather floccose multicellular hairs. Leaves glabrous or shortly to fairly long-pilose on the lower surface of the primary and most of the venation, long-petiolate (petioles up to c. 10 cm long and the longest commonly longer than the lamina), lamina deltoid-ovate to rhomboid-oblong, 2-7 x 1.5-5.5 cm, the margins occasionally obviously sinuate, shortly cuneate to sub-truncate below, obtuse and narrowly to clearly emarginate at the tip, minutely mucronate. Flowers green, in slender, axillary or terminal, often paniculate spikes c. 2.5-12 cm long and 2-5 mm wide, or in the lower part of the stem in dense axillary clusters to c. 7 mm in diameter; male and female flowers intermixed but the latter more numerous. Bracts and bracteoles deltoid-ovate to lanceolate-ovate, whitish-membranous with a very short, pale or reddish awn formed by the excurrent green midrib, bracteoles shorter than the perianth (c. 1 mm.). Perianth segments 3, very rarely 4, those of the male flowers oblong-oval, acute, concave, c. 1.5 mm, shortly mucronate; those of the female flowers narrowly oblong to narrowly spathulate, finally 1.25-1.75 mm, minutely mucronate or not, the borders white-membranous, midrib green and often thickened above. Stigmas 2-3, short, erect or almost so. Capsule subglobose, 1.25-1.5 mm, not or slightly exceeding the perianth, indehiscent or rupturing irregularly, very strongly rugose throughout. Seed c. 1-1.25 mm, round, only slightly compressed, dark brown to black with an often paler thick border, ± shining, reticulate and with shallow scurfy verrucae on the reticulum, the verrucae with the shape of the areolae.

Life Form

Phytochoria

Cosm, The native range of this species is SE. Mexico to Tropical America.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:

Tripoli??? Sabratha region 2020

Zliten-Misurata Plain:

Misurata 2006, 2008 Wadi Kaam (Estuary) 2022

Sirte Plains:

(7 Km) SE of Sitre City 2008 Wadi Al-Hamar Region 2020

Benghazi Plain:

Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021 Jardina-Soloq Region 2020 Soloq (Beir Bullerjam) 2022

Jabal Nafusa area:

Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:

Al-Baida 1976 Wadi Zaza 2003 Wadi El-Kauf 2014 Derisia (Talmeta), 2016 Sidi Abu-Ras 2017 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019

Marmarica Plateau:

From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002

Ghat area:

Ghat (Between Acacus and Tassili Mountains) 2004 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012

Notes

Introduced in Libya, in habitats man-made or disturbed, and in meadows and fields.

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316349-2, https://www.ipni.org/n/316349-2, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000530552, https://www.gbif.org/species/5384334, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/323/amaranthus-viridis-l, https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=20751#null, https://maltawildflowers.com/AMAR/Amaranthus_viridis.php, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=12952, https://www.floraofqatar.com/amaranthus_viridis.htm, https://portal.wiktrop.org/species/show/23, http://publish.plantnet-project.org/project/riceweeds_en/collection/collection/information/details/AMAVI, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/amaranthus/viridis/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_viridis, https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=AMVI, https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.1079/cabicompendium.4654

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1977) Flora of Libya, Amaranthaceae Vol. (42) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest:

Almushghub, F., Ahmed, D., Sharaf El-Din, A., Shaltout, k. (2022) Vegetation analysis of Wadi Kaam at northwest Libya. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences, 9 (2022) 20-37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357516127_Vegetation_analysis_of_Wadi_Kaam_at_northwest_Libya , https://jbesci.org/viewp.php?files=published/9.1.3.pdf&id=213, https://jbesci.org/published/9.1.3.pdf

Omar, N., Adrees, A., Alhursh, A., Shuayb, M., Alajeeli, O., Alzerbi, A.K. (2022) Identification of the Most Important Weed Species in A Barley Crops in Beir Bullerjam Region-Soloq, Libya. Scientific Journal for the Faculty of Science-Sirte University Vol. 2, No. 1 April (2022) 15-22. https://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/jsfsu/article/view/51

Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omarm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-selected-districts-in-sabratha-region-libya.php

Omar, N., Alai, M.A. & Al-Zerbi, A.K. (2020) A Survey of Weed Species of Barley Crop Fields in Farms of GMR Agricultural Project in Jardina-Soloq Region, Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Sciences, Vol: 11, No: 1, P: 29-38, August. 2020. https://ljbs.omu.edu.ly/vol11no1august-2020/, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abdulhamid-Alzerbi

Omar, N.O.I., Alaib, M.A., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Alzerbi, A.K. (2020) Checklist of Flora and Floristic Study of Wadi Al-Hamar Region in Libya. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Science 6 (2), (2020) 20-24, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Naser-Omar

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo -Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348 – 7313. https://zenodo.org/record/3931997#.Y7lQs3ZBzIU

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348 – 7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf , https://biarjournal.com/index.php/bioex/article/view/232

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic)

El-Zerbi, A. K. & Al-Aib, M.A. (2017) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Bouras region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering JESE, VOL. 1, No. 1, January 2017 (In Arabic) http://jese.uoa.edu.ly/JESE_V1N1/JESE_V1N1P11.pdf

Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust,L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Liby. Journal of Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue 4, pp 741–761|. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Plant-communities-and-reproductive-phenology-in-of-Hegazy-Kabiel/597e35db1727e57100d199e0043c733f480a3e0e

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014 ) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf, https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/F.-El-Mokasabi/1460307920

Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A.(2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012) https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799

El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. http://sc.uob.edu.ly/assets/uploads/pagedownloads/5c3e5-39-47.pdf

Al-Aib, M. A. and El-Shakhy, N. O. (2008) Weed flora of great man made river agriculture project (sirte). Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, Vol.102, Issue 3: 241-25. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343655187_Weed_Flora_of_Great_Man-Made_River_Agriculture_Project_Sirte

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008)

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic)

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H.(2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. http://www.herbmedit.org/bocconea/16-1091.pdf

Ahmidat, Gh. (2004) Study of the vegetation cover of the area between the Acacus Mountains and the Tassili Mountains (Ghat). Master Thesis. Department of Botany.College of Science. Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic)

El-Shaary MS. 2002. The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic) https://search.mandumah.com/Record/770320

Al-Habony MEE 1999. Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean Coast of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border. MSc. Thesis. Department of Botany. Faculty of Science. Benghazi University. Benghazi. Libya.