General Appearance
Euphorbia helioscopia L., it is an erect or sub erect, glabrescent annual herb, growing in arable land and disturbed ground, with usually fistulose, inside somewhat spongy stem, up to 50 cm tall. Leaves usually obovate-spathulate, up to 5 x 2.5 cm, minutely serrate in the upper half; ray and raylet-leaves like the cauline but smaller. Rays usually 5, trichotomous then dichotomous. The flowers are small, yellow-green. Glands trans versely ovate, without horns. Capsules 2.5-3.5 mm. Seeds c. 2 mm. reticulately rugose with a transversely ovate or semi orbicular caruncle.
Flowering in: Jan-Apr.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: (12 km) from Ben-Ghasher, (15 km) after Gaser Ben-Ghasher 1976 Sabratha region 2020
Zliten-Misurata Plain: Misurata 1967 Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006 Misurata 2015 Misurata (Sassu Valley) 2016 Leptus Magna 2017
Sirte Plains: Wadi Soofejeen 2017
Benghazi Plain: Wadi El-Ghattara 2010 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016 Wadi El-Enaghar 2021
Jabal Nafusa: Mang el Bahar, Al-Awenia, (7 km) from Rumia 1974 Sharshara 1978 Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Tarhuna (Sok-El-Ahed) 2018 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Susa, Baida, Shahat, Wadi Derna 1967 Near Labrag 1968 Al Gariba, Shahat runis 1978 Wadi Al-Agar 1999 Wadi Zaza 2003 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003 El-Bakur 2007 S.AL-Marj 2011 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019 Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020
Marmarica Plateau: Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 Al-Tamimi 1968
Al-Qibla area: Wadis South of Mizda 2013
Notes
Wild in Libya, medicinal plant.
This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346754-1
Link of images: https://atlas-sahara.org/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia%20helioscopia/Euphorbia%20helioscopia.html, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/euphorbiaceae/euphorbia-helioscopia, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-Grece/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia%20helioscopia/Euphorbia-helioscopia.html, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/euphorbia_helioscopia.htm, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleaned-Illustration_Euphorbia_helioscopia.jpg
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:346754-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/346754-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000962471, https://www.gbif.org/species/3066367, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/105755/euphorbia-helioscopia-l, https://atlas-sahara.org/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia%20helioscopia/Euphorbia%20helioscopia.html, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/euphorbiaceae/euphorbia-helioscopia, https://www.orchid-nord.com/Flore-Grece/Euphorbiaceae/Euphorbia%20helioscopia/Euphorbia-helioscopia.html, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/euphorbia/helioscopia/, https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/euphorbia_helioscopia.htm, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleaned-Illustration_Euphorbia_helioscopia.jpg https://flora.org.il/en/plants/EUPHEL/, http://agroatlas.ru/en/content/weeds/Euphorbia_helioscopia/index.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_helioscopia
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 31.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Omar, N., El-Mghrbi, N.G., Rahil, R.O., Alaib, M.A., Alzerbi, A.K. (2021) Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. Species-22(70), 2021. pp. (204-217). http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/index.htm, http://www.discoveryjournals.org/Species/current_issue/2021/v22/n70/A4.pdf
Floristic Composition and Plant Diversity of Western Part of Wadi El- Enaghar, Libya. 2021.-مضغوط
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The First Issue-April-2020 (In Arabic). https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf, https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHAMIDALZERBI
دراسة الغطاء النباتي بغابة سيدي امحمد شمال مدينة الابياربالجبل الاخضر.2020
Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2s5EMysAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. 2020.
El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf
Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).
Mahklouf, M.H. Sherif, A.S, Betelmal, A. G. (2018) Floristic Study for Tarhuna-Libya. Hacettepe J. Biol. & Chem, 2018, 46 (3), 337-364. http://www.hjbc.hacettepe.edu.tr/journal/volume-46/issue-3/floristic-study-for-tarhuna-libya/index.html
Floristic Study for Tarhuna–Libya. 2018
Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha
التعرف على الانواع النباتية لمناطق وادي كعام وحصرها وتحديد أشكال نموها. 2017 .
Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil
دراسة الفلورا والغطاء النباتي للمنطقة الشبه صحراوية الممتدة بين مدينتي سلوق والابيار . 2016
Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K.E. (2015) Natural plant cover composition in Misurata area, Libya. Assiut Journal for Environmental Studies-42nd issue-July 2015. (In Arabic).
تركيب الغطاء النباتي الطبيعي في منطقة مصراتة 2015
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf
Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014
Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).
Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).
EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146. http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf
FLORA AND VEGETATION ON SOUTH EL-MARJ ZONE SOUTH EL-JABAL EL-AKHADAR.2011
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71
Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
Abd Al-lkhaleq, Y. M. (2007) Vegetation Coverage of El-Bakur Highlands in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).
Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya
Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط
Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout
Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003
Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of Wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic).












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