Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss.

General Appearance

Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. / Heterotypic Synonyms: Chrozophora obliqua (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng., it is an annual plant, typically found in nutrient-poor ground. It develops a large taproot. The plant is erect and covered with wool-like hairs. The ash-green leaves are alternate. The tiny monecious flowers are grouped in a raceme. The lower, female flowers lack petals and the upper male flowers have five small yellow petals. Pollination is by ants. The fruits are conspicuous and consist of three dark green conjoined spheres. Their surface is decorated with white scales and warty structures. Each sphere contains three seeds, which are propelled away from the plant by the mechanical force of the mature fruit twisting as it opens.

Flowering in: May-Oct.

Life Form

Th

Phytochoria

MED+IT. The native range of this species is Medit. to Central Asia and NW. India.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain: Reported from Ain Zara, Sorman by Pampanini Wadi El Mgenin, (35 km) S.E. of Tripoli 1975 Sabrata 2008

Zliten-Misurata Plain: Kaam area 2005 Misurata 2006, 2008

Jabal Nafusa: Jahawat area (Misallata-Khoms) road 1977 Saline area (15 km) of W. Khoms 1979 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Reported from Wadi Derna by Durand & Barratte Wadi Zaza 2003 El- Hamamah to Biada 2003 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013 Wadi El-Kouf 2014

Marmarica Plateau: Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002

Al-Qibla area: Wadis South of Mizda 2013

Ghat area: (10 km) before Ghat 1976 Ghat (Between Acacus and Tassili Mountains) 2004 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012

Notes

Wild in Libya, in the valley soil loamy, medicinal plant.

This species is accepted: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340969-1

Link of images: https://www.maltawildplants.com/EUPH/Chrozophora_tinctoria.php, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=2123, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/euphorbiaceae/chrozophora-tinctoria, https://www.floraofqatar.com/chrozophora_tinctoria.htm

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:340969-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/340969-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000852775, https://www.gbif.org/species/3054465, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/142950/chrozophora-tinctoria-l-a-juss, https://www.maltawildplants.com/EUPH/Chrozophora_tinctoria.php, https://www.ksanature.com/plants/chrozophora_tinctoria/, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=2123, https://flora.org.il/en/plants/CHRTIN/, https://www.floraofqatar.com/chrozophora_tinctoria.htm, https://www.apatita.com/herbario/especie.php?id=Chrozophora_tinctoria, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrozophora_tinctoria

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S.M.H. & El-Gadi, A. (1982) Flora of Libya, Euphorbiaceae Vol. (89) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 4, Page. 5 – under: Chrozophora obliqua (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo-Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District-Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sh-Hoob-El-Ahmir, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf

Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. 2020

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5) http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf

Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar. 2013

Mohamed, F.J. (2013) A Taxonomic Study of Wadis Flora South of Mizda at the intersections with Mizda-Sebha Highway. Master Thesis. Department of Botany-Faculty of Science-Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A. (2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012) https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259357995_Checklist_and_life_forms_of_plant_species_in_contrasting_climatic_zones_of_Libya

Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. 2012

Baayo, Kh. A. (2008): Floristic composition and Phytochorological Analysis of Misratah area, Libya, Assiut Univ.J. of Botany 37(2), P-P. 33-78 (2008).

El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Shif, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic).

Ahmidat, Gh. (2004) Study of the vegetation cover of the area between the Acacus Mountains and the Tassili Mountains (Ghat). Master Thesis. Department of Botany.College of Science. Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout

Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. 2003

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at Al-Jabal AI Akhdar 2003-مضغوط

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).