General Appearance
Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W. Schmidt , it is an annual herbs up to c. 30 cm tall. Stems simple or sparsely branched. Leaves yellowish-green, with a spinulose midrib on the underside. Basal leaves petiolate, toothed to lyrate-pinnatifid. Upper leaves ± toothed, sessile, amplexicaul. Solitary flower heads at the ends of long peduncles, broadened at the apex. Involucral bracts arranged in two rows, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, spinulose. Inner involucral bracts with scarious margins. Ligules pale yellow. All achenes with a pappus of plumose, white hairs. Achenes initially green, then ochre, eventually cinnamon. Body c. 4 x 1.25 x 0.5 mm, ± oblong, compressed, with a winged gynopodium, widened distally and with very prominent isolated warts on the lateral surfaces arranged obliquely. Beak about 2 times the size of the body, very curved, hispid towards the distal part, inflated and muriculate-rugulose towards the base.
Life Form
Phytochoria
Distribution in Libya
Al-Jafarah Plain: Tripoli 1976 Sabrata 2008 Mallaha Wetland Tripoli 2016 Coastal of Tripoli 2020
Sirte Plains: Sirte 2015, 2016
Benghazi Plain: Reported from Benghazi by Durand & Barratte Wadi El Ghattara 2010 Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016
Jabal Nafusa:
Reported from Gharian, Tarhuna, Kussbat by Durand & Barratte Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008 Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020
Al-Jabal Al-Akhder: Reported from Susa, Wadi Derna, Wadi El-Kouf, El-Merj, Tolmetta, Shahat by Durand & Barratte Wadi El-Kouf 2014
Marmarica Plateau:
Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002
For more information
https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:257067-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/257067-1, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000024742, https://www.gbif.org/species/3096624, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/103849/urospermum-picroides-l-scop-ex-f-w-schmidt, https://www.atlasdesemillasdecanarias.org/atlas/ficha.php?ID=92, https://www.maltawildplants.com/ASTR/Urospermum_picroides.php,https://botany.cz/cs/urospermum-picroides/, https://www.ksanature.com/plants/urospermum_picroides/, https://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=6220, https://www.actaplantarum.org/flora/flora_info.php?id=8051, https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/3873.html
First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:
Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1983) Flora of Libya, Asteraceae Vol. (107) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya. Page. 341.
Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:
Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1
An-updated-checklist-and-quantitative-analysis-of-the-Marmarica-Plateau-flora-مضغوط
Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 58: 13-19, 2020. BRC http://www.brc.amu.edu.pl, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/pdf-127341-54763?filename=Biodiversity%20of%20the.pdf, http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Issue-58-2020,9131
Biodiversity of the coastal flora of Tripoli Province. 2020
Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya
Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province. 2020
Elsayed, N. (2016) Relationship between Vegetation and Soil Seed Bank at Protected Versus Unprotected Sites at Coastal Habitats in Libya.CATRINA (2016), 15 (1): 59-68. https://scholar.google.com.eg/citations?user=mSAskW0AAAAJ&hl=en , https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18337_76652686b5c99f5fd479aebab87fbcb4.pdf
Mahklouf, M.H. &Al-Sghair, F.G. (2016) Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. American Journal of Life Science Researches, Oct 2016, Volume 4, Issue 4.PP(119-123) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310898871_Floristic_and_Inventory_Study_of_Mallaha_Wetland_Tripoli_-_Libya
Floristic and Inventory Study of Mallaha Wetland Tripoli – Libya. 2016.
Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development In dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil
دراسة الفلورا والغطاء النباتي للمنطقة الشبه صحراوية الممتدة بين مدينتي سلوق والابيار . 2016
Elsayed M. A. N. (2015) Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. Catrina (2015), 12 (1): 63-71-2010 By the Egyptian society for environmental SCIENCES. https://cat.journals.ekb.eg/article_18403_37c687e375b9144800a15704e68ebad7.pdf
Floristic Composition of the Plant Cover at Surt Region in Libya. 2015
El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf
Plant Species at Wadi Alkuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya 2014
Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en, https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71
Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. 2010
El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic).
Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic).
El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).
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