Flora

Nerium oleander L.

Common Name: Defla.

Family: Apocynaceae

Flowering Time: Throughout the year.

General Appearance

Nerium oleander L., it is an evergreen shrub or small tree with milky latex. Leaves verticillate, leathery, sub sessile, oblong-lanceolate 9-14 x 1-2 cm, acute, minutely tomentellous and pelted on the lower surface. Flowers corymbose-cymose; pediccls tomentellous. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 5-6 x 1.5-2 mm, tomentellous. Corolla tube c. 1 cm long, cylindrical below, dilated above, 5-5.5 cm in diam., lobes rounded. Stamens inserted near the mouth of the tube; filaments hairy; anthers cohering in a cone round the stigma, and adherent to it, each prolonged upwards in a long plume-like appendage, cells prolonged downwards in short, curved tails. Style long, stigma conical, turbinate; ovules many in each locule. Follicles narrow, straight, 6-12 cm long, united at first, ultimately separating; seeds numerous, crowned with a tuft of brown hairs.

Life Form

N.Ph

Phytochoria

S. Cosm. The native range of this species is Medit. to Myanmar.

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jabal Al-Akhader:

Wadi El-Teir 1967 Shahat, Rasel hilal 1978 Wadi Derna, Shallal Derna, wadi El-Glaa 1980 Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007 Wadi El-Shees 2014 Wadi El-Kouf 2014 Wadi Ras Al-Hilal 2017 Wadi Derna 2017 Ain Mara 2020 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021 Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar 2021

Marmarica Plateau:

Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930 From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999 Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008

Ghat area:

Ghat (Esin region) 2004 Wadi Tanezzuft 2012

Notes

Wild in Libya, medicinal plant.

Link of images: https://www.maltawildplants.com/APCY/Nerium_oleander.php, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/apocynaceae/nerium-oleander, ,https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Nerium+oleander

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:80460-1, https://www.ipni.org/n/80460-1, http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000251577, https://www.gbif.org/species/3169756, https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=30184#null, https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/nerium-oleander/?lang=en, https://www.maltawildplants.com/APCY/Nerium_oleander.php, https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.36220, https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/apocynaceae/nerium-oleander, https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Nerium+oleander https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.36220, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerium

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1983) Flora of Libya, Apocynaceae Vol. (98) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 / https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Mohamed, A.H., Mosallam, H.A., Sergwa, S.S., Gibreel, M.A. (2021) Impact of Edaphic Factors on Vegetation Composition in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Egypt. J. Bot., Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 191-201 (2021) https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_119404.html

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas,P.A., ELMogasapi, A.(2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192. https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

Shaltout, K, Fawzy, M., Galal T., Awad M., El-Barasi Y., Saeed, B. (2014) Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communities and size structure of Wadi El-Shees, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. FeddesRepertorium2014, 125, 1-13 DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201400023 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fedr.201400023

Mukassabi, T.A, Ahmidat, G., Sherif, I.M., ELMogasapi, A. (2012) Checklist and life forms of plant species in contrasting climatic zones of Libya. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 5 / 3 (2012). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/biodicon/issue/55888/765799

Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic).

Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).

Ahmidat, Gh. (2004) Study of the vegetation cover of the area between the Acacus Mountains and the Tassili Mountains (Ghat). Master Thesis. Department of Botany.College of Science. Sebha University. Libya. (In Arabic).

EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (in Arabic).