Flora

Smyrnium olusatrum L., it is a perennial, up to 1.5 (-2) m tall. robust, stout, glabrous herb with conspicuously furrowed, usually much branched, ± fleshy, fistulose stem and thick roots. Lower leaves alternate, broadly deltoid-ovate, 20-50 cm long and broad, 2-4-ternate-orpinnatisect into oblong-ovate or obovate,3-8 x1.5-5 cm, peliolulate, usually 3-lobed, serrate, basally cuneate, apically acute or obtuse, dark green glossy segments; upper cauline leaves opposite or sub alternate, ternatiscct with entire or deeply 3-fid segments; petioles of lower leaves 15-20 cm long, canaliculate, fleshy, basally dilated into a long, conspicuous, papery, articulate sheath, very short or almost absent in upper ones especially below the branched inflorescence. Umbels (3-) 5-t5 (-t8)-rayed, hemispherical on strongly ribbed, 3-8 (-10) cm long. terminal and axillary peduncles, these considerably enlarging in fruit; rays 2-6 (-8) cm long. Bracts absent or few, short and filiform. Umbellules densely many-flowered. Pedicels 24 mm long, enlarged in fruit, ± scabrous. Bracteoles 24. small, membranous. early deciduous. Petals oblong-obovate, 1.5·2 x 1-1.5 mm, yellowish-green. Anthers oblong, greenish. Styles somewhat longer than the flattish stylopodium. Fruit broadly ovoid or ovate to suborbicular, 6-8 x 8-10 mm, black didynamous; meriearps semicircular, with 3 prominent ribs on dorsal side; commussure narrow.

Al-Jabal Al-Akhader:

Wadi Derna 1967  Shahat 1973, 1978  Wadi Zaza 2003 Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007  S.AL-Marj 2011  Wadi El-Kouf 2014  Habun (Ain Al-Shallala), Shahat old city 2017  Ain Mara 2020

Wild in Libya.

Link of images: http://fioridisicilia.altervista.org/Smyrnium_olusatrum/smyrnium_olusatrum. htm,  https://maltawildplants.com/APIA/Smyrnium_olusatrum.php

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:849121-1,  https://www.ipni.org/n/849121-1,  http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000431292,  https://www.gbif.org/species/3034782,  http://fioridisicilia.altervista.org/Smyrnium_olusatrum/smyrnium_olusatrum.htm,  https://maltawildplants.com/APIA/Smyrnium_olusatrum.php,  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyrnium_olusatrum,  https://eol.org/pages/482116,  https://flora.org.il/en/plants/SMYOLU/