Eryngium campestre L.

Family: Apiaceae
Flowering Time: Apr-Aug.

General Appearance

Eryngium campestre L., it is a perennial plant is gray-green to bluish-green. Root cylindrical to spindle-bold, very long, deeply penetrating into the soil, sometimes more than 1 m, often stiff, brown, covered with fibrous scales at the top. Stem (20-) 30 – 70 (-100) cm high, 0.5 – 1 cm thick, erect, smooth or finely furrowed, dense, leafy, greyish, at the base unbranched, to the apex, and especially in the inflorescence zone, strongly spreading branched, often the whole plant in a broad outline hemispherical or spherical. Leaves firmly leathery, whitish-grayish on both sides, with a distinctly convex pale yellow reticulum. Basal leaves of young plants entire, prickly toothed, oblong to ovate oblong; of flowering plants complexly dissected, with 10 – 20 cm long petioles, petioles broadly ovate to nearly triangular, (5-) 10 – 25 (-30) cm long and so wide, palmately chopped to double-lobed, sliced ​​or tripartite; the central share is pinnated divided, with the opposite perpendicularly pinnated divided second-order intermediate shares and the lateral sharess with successive pinnated divided intermediate shares; all shares uneven, deep, prickly or serrated, and running down into broadly winged prickly rickets. Stem leaves similar to the basal ones, but with short petioles or completely sat down, including the stem, with prickly serrated vaginas, to the apex with significantly smaller sizes and less dissected petals. Inflorescence yellowish-gray to bluish-green, pleiochasia of the heads at the apex of the stem, most often with 3 – 6 main rays; in the grooves of the uppermost leaves, the lateral pleochas are located on the long arms, most often with. 3 main rays, collectively forming a complex thyroid or hemispherical inflorescence with numerous heads. 5 – 7 petal head sheath, (1-) 1.5 – 4.5 cm long and 3 – 6 mm wide, 2 – 3 times longer than the heads, linearly lance or linear styliform pointed at the prickly tip, entire or with 2 – 4 spines at the edge and at the base with thin spiky bristles. Head (0.5-) 1 – 1.5 (-2.5) cm long, spherically ovoid, with 1 – 3 cm long petioles, with many blossoms, compact. Bracts 10 – 12 mm long, longer than the flowers, linearly subulate, entire, arcuate inwards. Sepals 2 – 2.5 mm long, lance, apex pointed at the tip in a rigid thorn. Petals whitish or greyish green, back heart-shaped, much shorter than the calyx. Fruits 5 mm long, flattened ovate to ovate, with lingering calyx. Mericarpies on the outside densely covered with numerous, whitish, lance flakes.

Life Form

Ch

Phytochoria

MED+ES+IT. The native range of this species is Europe to Caucasus, NW. Africa.

Distribution in Libya

Zliten-Misurata Plain:

Misurata 2006  Misurata 2015

Benghazi Plain:

Dariana, (40 km) from Benghazi 1972 E. of Benghazi 1978  (79 km) E. of Ajdabia to Benghazi, E. Benghazi 1978  Ajdabia (Slouk plain) 2006  Wadi El Ghattara 2010  Between Slouk and Al-Abiar 2016

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:

Between Al-Merj and Taknes 1972 Wadi El-Kouf 2014  El-Merj 2016   Wadi Jarjar-Omma 2017  Wadi Derna 2017  Wadi Al-Kouf 2021

Marmarica Plateau:

Reported in Marmarica north-eastern part of Libya by Pampanini 1930  From Tobruk to Egyptian Border 1999  Marmarica (north-eastern part of Libya) 2002  Dafna region (Tobruk to Msaid) 2008

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1985) Flora of Libya, Apiaceae Vol. (117) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021. https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 ,  https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Saaed, M.W.B., EL-Barasi, Y.M. & Rahil, R.O. (2021) An updated checklist and quantitative analysis of the Marmarica Plateau flora, in the north-eastern part of Libya. Phytotaxa 509 (1): 001-055. https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.509.1.1

Ab-Aziza, F.B., El–Barasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-Jabal. Research article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas,P.A., ELMogasapi, A.(2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192.  https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/

Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust,L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya. Journal of  Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue 4, pp 741–761. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-016-0345-8, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2

Raheel, RO. M., El-Borasi, Y. M., El-Barrani, M. W., El-Hassi, S. (2016) Study of Flora and vegetation cover of the semi-desert area between Salouq and Al-Abyar-the first high of Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya, Fourth Scientific Conference for Environment and Sustainable Development in dry and semi-arid areas. Ajdabia. Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil

Aljarroushi, M.M. & Almedham, K.E. (2015) Natural plant cover composition in Misurata area, Libya. Assiut Journal for Environmental Studies-42nd issue-July 2015. (In Arabic).

El-Mokasabi, F M. (2014) Floristic Composition and Traditional Uses of Plant Species at Wadi Al-kuf, Al-Jabal Al-Akhder, Libya. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 14 (8): 685-697, 2014, ISSN 1818-769,IDOSIPublications,2014DOI:10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2014.14.08.12375. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/441b/23b83960f007044aca94e26f5c6b170fe102.pdf

El-Rabiai, G.T., Al tira, F.M., Lamlom, S.H. (2010) Preliminary Checklist for the Flora of Wadi El Ghattara in Libya. Garyounis University Press Journal of Science and Its Applications Vol. 4, No. 1, pp 39-47, December 2010. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Wz8jpkIAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ALTsoucAAAAJ&hl=en,   https://journals.uob.edu.ly/index.php/sjuob/issue/view/71

Barrani, M. W. (2008) A study of environmental degradation factors in the semi-desert Dafna Region-Libya. Master Thesis-Department of Science and environmental Engineering-Postgraduate Academy Benghazi branch. (In Arabic).

Al-Dana, S. M. M. (2006) Taxonomic study of wild flower plants in some areas of Misrata. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Misurata University (7 October previously) Misurata, Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Maghrabi A.S.S. (2006) Study of the vegetation and seed bank of the zone of Ghaminis and Agedabia (Slouk plain), Master of Science Thesis, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Academy of Graduated Studies, Benghazi Branch, Libya, 2006. (In Arabic).

El-Shaary M.S. (2002). The Natural Vegetation in Marmarica plateau (North-eastern Libya). First ed. Tobruk (Libya): Published by the local Authority. (In Arabic).

EL-Habony, A.M. (1999) Vegetation and flora of a sector along Mediterranean cost of Libya from Tobruk to Egyptian border, M.Sc. Thesis, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (in Arabic).

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