Pistacia lentiscus L.

Common Name: Battoom
Family: Anacardiaceae
Flowering Time: Mar-Apr.

General Appearance

Pistacia lentiscus L., Ever green small tree or shrub, 1-3 (-5) m tall. Leaves abruptly paripinnate; leaflets 2-4 (-5)-paired, oblong. lanceolate or oblanceolate obtuse, mucronulate, 1.5-3.5 (-5) x 0.6-1.5 cm, leathery; rachis distinctly winged; petiole glabrous. Inflorescence spike like, compact. flowers yellowish purple or purplish. Fruiting panicle short stiff; drupe 0.5-) 5-8 x 5-7 mm, globular-obovate, somewhat compressed, obliquely apiculate.

Life Form

Ph.

Phytochoria

MED, The native range of this species is Canary Islands, Medit.

Distribution in Libya

Benghazi Plain:

(55 km) from Benghazi to Tokra 1972  (50,60 km) E. Benghazi 1975

Jabal Nafusa:

Safaet, (57 km) from Gharian 1974  Msallata (Shaafeen) 2008  Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013   Msallata (Shaafien) 2017   Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhader:

Tokra 1967  Near Taknis, 1967  Al-Bakur 1968 Wadi El-Hussaien, Ras-El-Hilal to Shahat 1967  El- Bakur 1968 Wadi El-Kouf, (5 km) W.of Baida 1970  Taknis 1972 Shahat to Susa 1973,1974,1977  (7 km) from Shahat 1977  Al-Ghareeb,(10 km) before Baida 1977  Wadi El Mahbool 1973  Beida, Beida to Marj 1970  El-Kauf area 1984  Wadi Al-Agar 1999  Wadi Zaza 2003 El-Hamamah to Biada 2003  El-Bakur 2007  Wadi (Valley) Stowah region 2007    Al-Dercya, Shahat, Wadi El-Akar, El Fadil Abou Omar, Wadi Algharega, Qandulah, Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, Wadi El-Kouf 2011   S.AL-Marj 2011   Al-Mansora 2013 Valley Jarjr-oma 2013  Wadi El-Shees 2014  Between Labrag and Shahat 2014  Wadi Belkaf-Bata 2016  Barce, Derisia (Talmeta), Marawa-El-Merj 2016  Wadi Zaza, Wadi Al Ager, Wadi Jarjar Amma, Wadi Ras Al-Hila 2017  Susah,Shahat,Sidi Ahmad Al-Hemery,Al-Marj-Al-Baida motorway, El-Beida (Belghra),Wadi El-Kouf 2017  Wadi Derna 2017  A ssdod, Wadi Balarid, Wadi Butuma, Al-Tayes, Wadi Al-Aesh, Wadi Kaab 2018  Wadi Om-El-Amaym 2019  From Nuqrat Said to Wadi Al-Zagzoog,From Zawiet Tamula to Al-Manarh 2019     Al-Abiar (Sidi Amohamed forest) 2020  Al-Teneen area northwest of Al-Marj 2020   Ain Mara 2020 Wadi Al-Kouf 2021  Al-Mansura to Settia 2021

 

Notes

Wild in Libya, medicinal plant, Endangered Plant in Libya.

Link of images:  https://jb.utad.pt/especie/Pistacia_lentiscus,  https://www.teline.fr/en/photos/anacardiaceae/pistacia-lentiscus

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1978) Flora of Libya, Anacardiaceae Vol. (52) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses, Sorted by Newest:

Al-Ajil, K.I., Masoud, M. J., Mustafa, H. M. (2021) The effect of urban sprawl on vegetation covers in Al-Mansura and Settia. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya. The Libyan International Journal- Issue (52) -ISSN 2518-5845 – College of Science Al-Marj-University of Benghazi. (In Arabic).  http://repository.uob.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1571

Abdalrhim, M.A.G. (2021) Size Structure of  Cupressus  sempervirens L. and Pistacia lentiscus L. populations in wadi Al-Kuf , esat of Libya. Al- Mukhtar journal of Sciences 36 (1): 24-33, 2021.

https://omu.edu.ly/journals/index.php/mjsc/article/view/7

Al-Traboulsi, M. & Alaib, M.A. (2021) A Survey of medicinal plants of Wadi Al-Kouf in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. NAT. CROAT, VOL. 30. No 2. (389-404), ZAGREB. December 31, 2021.  https://hrcak.srce.hr/269442 /,  https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/390805

Al-Amrouni, M, M., Al-Zarbi, A., Al-Aeb, M. A. (2020) Study of vegetation cover in Sidi Amohamed forest north of the city of Al-Abyar in the Al-Jabal Al-Al-Akhdar. Libya. Journal of Quality Assurance for Scientific Research-The first issue-April-2020 (In Arabic).   https://lqac.org.ly/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDF-1.pdf

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020.  https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122  , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diversity of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Mahklouf, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341306643_Floristic_Study_and_Species_Diverisy_of_Msallata-Garaboulli_Province_in_Libya

Saleh, M. M., & Lachhab, S. R. (2020) Plant diversity in Al-Teneen area northwest of Al-Marj city-Libya. Aref Journal for Human Studies- Issue (5) 2020, Pp. (3-65). Ajdabiya University-Libya. (In Arabic) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346554140_bhth_altnw_alnbaty_fy_mntqt_altnyn_shmal_ghrb_mdynt_almrj_lybya , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb

Ali, A. M., Lashhab, S. R., Abu-Aweena, A. A.M. (2019) Classification of vegetation cover and its geographical distribution in the area extending between Al-Haniya and Wadi Zagzoog in the north to Lasastata and Pashtota in the south. Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar eastern Libya. Issue (61) Journal of Science and Human Studies- Al-Marj- University of Benghazi-Libya (In Arabic).  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb

El-farse, M.H. (2019) Study of the vegetation of Wadi Om-El-Amaym in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Master Thesis- department of environmental science and engineering, Academy of post graduate studies, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic)

Mubarak, A. M.A., Lashhab, S. R. H. (2018) Charcoal manufacturing and its impact on the deterioration of vegetation cover in the area between Merad Massoud and Asdos in Al Jabal Al Akhdar-eastern Libya. Journal of Science and Human Studies-Al-Marj-Issue 58 – 15 / November 2018. (In Arabic).  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/sd-lshhb

Ab-AzizaF.B., ElBarasi, Y.M. and Rahil, R.O. (2017) Flora, Vegetation and Human Activities of Wadi Derna-El-JabalResearch article I Botany l Version 1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fatma-Abuaziza, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rebeh-Rahil, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322222467_Flora_Vegetation_and_Human_Activities_of_Wadi_Derna-El-Jabal

Bahri, N.M. (2017) Identify, Limit and Determine the Vegetation Types of Wadi Ka’am Areas, Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies-Volume (3) -Issue (2) (In Arabic) https://journals.asmarya.edu.ly/jmset/index.php/JMSET/article/view/95, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371282756_altrf_ly_alanwa_alnbatyt_lmnatq_wady_kam_whsrha_wthdyd_ashkal_nmwha

Dakeel, E. H., Alaib, M. A., & Asker, A. M. (2017). Comparative Study of Medicinal Plants in Al Mansora and Jarjar oma, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Libya [Version 1; awaiting peer review]. Control, 1, 4. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0IlfctkAAAAJ&hl=ar, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jIAXOgMAAAAJ&hl=en, https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8C9KFnIAAAAJ&hl=en

Mosallam, H.A., Mohamed, A.H., Sergiwa S.S, Gibreel, M.A (2017). Size distribution of some endangered plant species, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. Egypt. J. Bot., Vol. 57, No, 1. Pp.181-197 (2017).  https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_2500.html

Mukassabi, T.A., Thomas,P.A., ELMogasapi, A.(2017) Medicinal plants in Cyrenaica, Libya: existence and extinction. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10/2 (2017) 183-192.  https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/4064/

Al-Aib, M.A., Elbakkosh, A.M., Ali, Y.B., Gadelmola, A.S., Elmhafdi, A.M. (2016) Preliminary Investigation of the Vegetation of Wadi Belkaf-Bata Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya. Libyan Journal of Basic Science (LJBS) Vol: 4, No: 1, PP: 20-27., 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Alaib,   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323772475_Preliminary_Investigation_of_the_Vegetation_of_Wadi_Belkaf-Bata_Al-Jabal_Al-Akhdar-Libya

Hegazy, A.; Kabiel, H.; AlRowaily, S.; Lovett-Doust,L. and AlBorki, A. (2016) Plant communities and reproductive phenology in mountainous regions of northern Libya. Journal of  Forestry Research. July 2017, Volume 28, Issue 4, pp 741–761.  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-016-0345-8

Ahmed, H. M. (2014) Assessment of natural vegetation in the area between Abraq and Shahat in the south and the coastline in the north. Journal of Science and Human Studies-Al-Marj. Issue 4-ISSN: 2312-4962 Benghazi University. (In Arabic)

Al-Haddad, S. M. (2014) Al-Jabal Al-Akhader Forests between Natural Renewal and Degradation Factors (An Evaluation Environmental Study of Vegetation Cover in Ras Al-Hilal Region), International Journal for Environment & Global Climate Change ISSN 2310-6743 (In Arabic)

Shaltout , K, Fawzy,M., Galal T., Awad M., El-Barasi Y., Saeed, B. (2014) Impact of waste water discharge on the plant communities and size structure of Wadi El-Shees, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. FeddesRepertorium2014, 125, 1-13 DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201400023  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout/2 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manal-Fawzy-6

Abusaief, H. M. A. (2013) Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean Sea. Journal of American Science 2013;9(5).  http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/am0905/029_17747am0905_236_249.pdf

Abusaief, H. M. A. and Dakhil, A. H. (2013) The floristic composition of Rocky habitat of Al Mansora in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar- Libya. New York Science Journal 2013; 6(5).  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huda-Abusaief

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic)

EL-Barasi, Y. M., Barrani, M. W., Abdelsalam, O. EL-Amrouni, N., Mohamad, F. (2011) Check list of flora and vegetation on south EL-Marj zone: south EL-Jabal EL-Akhadar. Libya. Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara-International Journal of Engineering. Tome IX (Year 2011). Fascicule 3. ISSN 1584-2673, 141-146.  http://annals.fih.upt.ro/pdf-full/2011/ANNALS-2011-3-24.pdf

Hegazyi, A.K., Boulos, L., Kabiel, H.F. and Sharashy, O.S. (2011) Vegetaion and species altitudinal distribution in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar landscape, Libya. Pak. J. Bot., 43(4): 1885-1898, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad-Hegazy-2,  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hanan_Kabiel/publication/249011161_Vegetation_and_species_altitudinal_distribution_in_Al-Jabal_Al-Akhdar_landscape_Libya/links/58171d7c08ae90acb24128b9.pdf

Mohammed, S.A.H. (2008) A taxonomic and ecological study of the plants of the Shaafin Reserve in Masalatah. Master Thesis. Department of Biology-Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Al-Mirqab University. Al-Khums. Libya. (In Arabic)

Abd Al-lkhaleq, Y. M. (2007) Vegetation Coverage of El-Bakur Highlands in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. Master Thesis, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Libya. (In Arabic).

Nawras, A. M. B. (2007) A study of the vegetation cover in the Wadi (Valley) Stowah region. Master Thesis. Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University-Libya. (In Arabic).

Al-Sodany, Y. M., Shehata, M. N. & Shaltout, K. H. (2003): Vegetation along an elevation gradient in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya. ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ecmed_0153-8756_2003_num_29_2_1547,  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yassin-Al-Sodany, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kamal-Shaltout

El-Barasi, Y. M., EI-Sherif, l. M. & Gawhari, A. M. H. (2003) Checklist and analysis of the flora and vegetation of Wadi Zaza at AI-Jabal AI Akhdar (Cyrenaica, Libya). Bocconea 16 (2): 1091-1105. 2003. – ISSN 1120-4060. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yacoub-El-Barasi, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Gawhari,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281559070_Checklist_and_analysis_of_the_flora_and_vegetation_of_Wadi_Zaza_at_AI-Jabal_AI_Akhdar_Cyrenaica_Libya

Al-Hamadi R.I. (1999) Floristic and ecological study of wadi Al-Agar, Master Thesis, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Botany Department-Faculty of Science-Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya. (In Arabic)

The Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (1984) Project for the Study of Al-Kouf National Park. Vegetation Cover Studies.

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