Flora

Amaranthus retroflexus L.

Common Name: Bu zinzir

Family: Amaranthaceae

Flowering Time: May-Aug

General Appearance

Amaranthus retroflexus L., it is an annual plant, up to 20-80 cm, monoecious, pubescent, with erect, robust, slightly branched stem; pale green, erect, 15-150 (200) cm, branched or not, green or red, densely to moderately woolly. Leaf: petiole 25-80 mm; blade 20-150 mm, 10-70 mm wide, ovate to rhombic-ovate, base wedge-shaped, tip obtuse to acute. Inflorescence: terminal, panicle-like, generally erect, many-branched, lateral axes short, thick, 2-5(10) cm, 1.2–2.5 cm wide (including flowers), green or silver-green; bracts (2.5) 4-6(8) mm, 1.5-2 (3) × > perianth, spine-like, lanceolate to awl-shaped. Flower: staminate perianth parts 4-5, 2-3 mm, ± equal, stamens (3) 4-5; pistillate perianth parts 5, 2-3.2 mm, ± equal, spoon-shaped to obovate, overlapping, reflexed in age, tip rounded to ± notched, mucronate; stigmas 3, reflexed. Fruit: circumscissile; 1.7-2.5 mm, < perianth, ovoid to obovoid, lid ± wrinkled near base, gray-cream to +- brown. Seed: 1-1.3 mm, lenticular, obovate, dark-brown to black, smooth, shiny

Life Form

Phytochoria

Cosm, The native range of this species is Mexico

Distribution in Libya

Al-Jafarah Plain:

Tripoli 1977 Kaam area 2005 Sabrath 2008 Sabratha region 2020

Jabal Nafusa area:

Msallata National Park (Shaafeen) 2013 Msallata-Garaboulli Province 2020 Gharyan (Sedrores Mountains) 2020

Al-Jabal Al-Akhder:

Al-Oylia region 2017 Ain Mara 2020

Gebel Al-Uweinat:

Gebel Uweinat 1968

Notes

Introduced in Libya, weed, invasive, noxious, in man-made or disturbed habitats, meadows and fields.

For more information

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:10698-2, https://www.ipni.org/n/10698-2, https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000530447, https://www.gbif.org/species/6109534, https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/specie/131416/amaranthus-retroflexus-l, https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=20745#null, https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Amaranthus+retroflexus, https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/amaranthus/retroflexus/, https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/amaranthus-retroflexus/ , https://www.preservons-la-nature.fr/flore/taxon/62.html, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=12941, https://www.florealpes.com/fiche_amarantereflechie.php, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_retroflexus

Bibliographic References

First: Encyclopedia Flora of Libyan:

Jafri, S. M. H. & El-Gadi, A. (1977) Flora of Libya, Amaranthaceae Vol. (42) Department of Botany, Al-Faateh Univ., Tripoli, Libya.

Second: Researches and PhD theses, master theses , Sorted by Newest:

Al-khojah, H.M., Al-Yafour, L.A., Mahklouf, M.H. (2020) Floristic Study of Selected Districts in Sabratha region Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7/Issue 4 ISSN: 2348-7313. https://scienceq.org/floristic-study-of-selected-districts-in-sabratha-region-libya.php

Al-Maqsabi, F. M. & Makhlouf, M. A. (2020) Vegetation cover in the Ain Mara region, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region – Libya. The Libyan Journal of Science (An International Journal): Volume 23, 2020. https://uot.edu.ly/journals/index.php/ljs/article/view/122 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Farag-Elmokasabi-2

El-Ahmir, S.M., Mahklouf, M.H., Shanta, M.B., Abo -Jaafer, H.A. (2020) Floristic Study of Sedrores Mountains in Gharyan District – Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology. Volume 8 / Issue 1. ISSN: 2348 – 7313. file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/JABZV8I102%20(3).pdf, https://zenodo.org/record/3931997#.Y7lQs3ZBzIU

Mahklouf, M.H., Sherif, A.S., Betelmal, A.G. (2020) Floristic Study and Species Diverisy of Msallata-Garaboulli Province in Libya. J. of Advanced Botany and Zoology Volume 7 / Issue 3 ISSN: 2348 – 7313. https://scienceq.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JABZV7I304.pdf

Alhasi, S.M, and El-Barasi, Y.M. (2017) The Weed Flora of some Crop Fields in Al- Oylia region, Al-Marj, Libya. Global Libyan Journal, ISSN 2518-5845. University of Benghazi, Faculty of Education Al marj. https://journals.uob.edu.ly/GLJ/article/view/1202/921

Al-Masalati, N. A. A. (2013) Plant diversity across the altitudes of the Msallata National Park Reserve Mountains. Master Thesis. Botany Department-College of Science-University of Benghazi-Libya. (In Arabic)

El-Yafour, L. A. (2008) Taxonomic study of the vegetation properties of Sabratha city Master Thesis. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Al-Zawiya University, Libya. (In Arabic)

Al-Shf, N. S. (2005) a taxonomic study of the plants of the Kaam region. Master Thesis, College of Science, Al-Marqab University, Al-Khums, Libya. (In Arabic)